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The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1
The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1 is here in full — 435 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.
What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?
Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?
Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.
But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1 is here in full — 435 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.
/ðen hiː meɪd ə ˈdʒestʃər ʌv ˈkwaɪət dɪsˈdeɪn ɪkˈspresɪv ʌv ɔːl hiː left ənˈsed/
Line 2
What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?
/wʌt wɑːz ðə juːs ʌv ˈdʒɜːrniɪŋ tuː ə lænd ʌv daʊt ənd rɪˈbeljən/
Line 3
Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?
Line 4
Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.
Line 5
But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cardinal's noun US /ˈkɑːrdənəlz/

possessive form of “cardinal” — (Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading “Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.”

cassock noun US /ˈkæsək/

a black garment reaching down to the ankles; worn by priests or choristers

From this reading “Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.”

governed noun US /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading “Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?”

journeying noun US /ˈdʒɜːrniɪŋ/

the act of traveling from one place to another

From this reading “What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?”

stubborn adjective US /ˈstʌbərn/

tenaciously unwilling or marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield

From this reading “But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.”

sufficed verb US /səˈfaɪst/

past form of “suffice” — be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity

From this reading “Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.”

unsaid adjective US /ənˈsed/

not made explicit

From this reading “Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.”

vassals noun US /ˈvæsəlz/

plural of “vassal” — a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading “But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

accomplishedadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

highly skilled

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

Cardinal'snounUS /ˈkɑːrdənəlz/

possessive form of “cardinal” — (Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

cassocknounUS /ˈkæsək/

a black garment reaching down to the ankles; worn by priests or choristers

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

CitynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

convictionnounUS /kənˈvɪkʃən/

an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

deemedverbUS /diːmd/

past form of “deem” — keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

determinationnounUS /dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

Didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

disdainverbUS /dɪsˈdeɪn/

look down on with disdain

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

disquietedadjective

afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?

EternaladjectiveUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

exceptingverbUS /ˌekˈseptɪŋ/

-ing form of “except” — take exception to

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

expressiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspresɪv/

characterized by expression

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

gesturenounUS /ˈdʒestʃər/

motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

glancingverbUS /ˈɡlænsɪŋ/

-ing form of “glance” — throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

governednounUS /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

ignorancenounUS /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

journeyingnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrniɪŋ/

the act of traveling from one place to another

From this reading What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

motivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

PierrenounUS /piˈer/

capital of the state of South Dakota; located in central South Dakota on the Missouri river

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

princesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəz/

plural of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

rebellionnounUS /rɪˈbeljən/

refusal to accept some authority or code or convention

From this reading What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?

reducedadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

reflectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈflektɪd/

(especially of incident sound or light) bent or sent back

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

resolveverbUS /riˈzɑːlv/

bring to an end; settle conclusively

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

SilentlyadverbUS /ˈsaɪləntli/

without speaking

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

staturenounUS /ˈstætʃər/

high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

stubbornadjectiveUS /ˈstʌbərn/

tenaciously unwilling or marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

sufficeverbUS /səˈfaɪs/

be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

sufficedverbUS /səˈfaɪst/

past form of “suffice” — be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

superbadjectiveUS /sʊˈpɜːrb/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?

treatverbUS /triːt/

interact in a certain way

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

unsaidadjectiveUS /ənˈsed/

not made explicit

From this reading Then he made a gesture of quiet disdain, expressive of all he left unsaid.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?

vassalsnounUS /ˈvæsəlz/

plural of “vassal” — a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading But that stubborn resolve to remain in ignorance, that determination to take no account of other nations excepting to treat them as vassals, disquieted him when he reflected on the motives that had brought him there.

violentadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

war-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?

wearingnounUS /ˈwerɪŋ/

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What was the use of journeying to a land of doubt and rebellion?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Silently glancing at the Cardinal's lofty stature, the stature of one of the violent war-like princes of long ago, now reduced to wearing that simple cassock, Pierre deemed him superb with his proud conviction that Rome sufficed unto herself.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Did not Rome suffice--Rome, which governed the world--the Eternal City which, when the times should be accomplished, would become the capital of the world once more?

Chapter 4 of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1 by Émile Zola holds 435 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 435 sentences of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1 by Émile Zola exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 435 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1

Common questions about reading The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1 by Émile Zola on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1?

Yes. All 1784 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8721 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8721, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1 take to read?

About 148 minutes of reading across 357 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1 section by section

How to work through The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Submitting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English-speaking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Public
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Second
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Three Cities Trilogy: Rome, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.