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The Three Commanders
The Three Commanders

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Three Commanders is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
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The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.
On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.
The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.
Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.
Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Three Commanders

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Three Commanders is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.
Line 2
On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.
Line 3
The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.
/ðə kəˈmændər nuː ðæt hɪz ˈseɪfəst kɔːrs wʊd biː tuː rʌn bæk tuː ˌkɑːnstæntəˈnoʊpəl bʌt hɪz ˈɔːrdərz wɜːr tuː prəˈsiːd tuː ˌbɑːlɑːˈklɑːvɑː wɪˈθaʊt lɔːs ʌv taɪm/
Line 4
Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.
/suːn ˈæftər ˈsʌnset ə ˈhevi skwɔːl strʌk ðə ʃɪp ˈfɑːloʊd baɪ ˈfɪtfəl ɡʌsts ˈɡrædʒuːəli ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ ɪn streŋkθ waɪl ðə ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː kɑːm siː wɑːz ˈkʌvərd wɪð ˈfoʊmɪŋ weɪvz θruː wɪtʃ ðə tɔːrˈneɪdoʊ fɔːrst hɜːr weɪ/
Line 5
Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Balaclava noun US /ˌbɑːlɑːˈklɑːvɑː/

a cap that is close-fitting and woolen and covers all of the head but the face

From this reading “The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.”

exerting verb US /ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “exert” — put to use

From this reading “The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.”

gusts noun US /ɡʌsts/

plural of “gust” — a strong current of air

From this reading “Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.”

lieutenants noun US /luːˈtenənts/

plural of “lieutenant” — a commissioned military officer

From this reading “Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.”

midshipmen noun US /ˈmɪdˈʃɪpmen/

plural of “midshipman” — a temporary rank held by young naval officers in training

From this reading “Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.”

safest adjective US /ˈseɪfəst/

superlative of “safe” — free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading “The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.”

squall verb US /skwɔːl/

make high-pitched, whiney noises

From this reading “Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.”

Tornado noun US /tɔːrˈneɪdoʊ/

a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

13th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

BalaclavanounUS /ˌbɑːlɑːˈklɑːvɑː/

a cap that is close-fitting and woolen and covers all of the head but the face

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

collectedadjectiveUS /kəˈlektəd/

brought together in one place

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

ConstantinoplenounUS /ˌkɑːnstæntəˈnoʊpəl/

the largest city and former capital of Turkey

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

decknounUS /dek/

any of various platforms built into a vessel

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

exertingverbUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “exert” — put to use

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

fitfuladjectiveUS /ˈfɪtfəl/

occurring in spells and often abruptly

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

foamingadjectiveUS /ˈfoʊmɪŋ/

emitting or filled with bubbles as from carbonation or fermentation

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

galenounUS /ɡeɪl/

a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

glassnounUS /ɡlæs/

a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

gustsnounUS /ɡʌsts/

plural of “gust” — a strong current of air

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

indicationnounUS /ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən/

something that serves to indicate or suggest

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

lieutenantsnounUS /luːˈtenənts/

plural of “lieutenant” — a commissioned military officer

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

midshipmennounUS /ˈmɪdˈʃɪpmen/

plural of “midshipman” — a temporary rank held by young naval officers in training

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

proceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

quarter-deck

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

safestadjectiveUS /ˈseɪfəst/

superlative of “safe” — free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

SoonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

squallverbUS /skwɔːl/

make high-pitched, whiney noises

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

steam-powers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

sunnyadjectiveUS /ˈsʌni/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

sunsetnounUS /ˈsʌnset/

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

TornadonounUS /tɔːrˈneɪdoʊ/

a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading Most of the officers were on deck, for few felt inclined to turn in; the lieutenants stood near the commander, ready to carry out his orders, while the midshipmen were collected in a group on the quarter-deck.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The _Tornado_, exerting her steam-powers to the utmost, was on her way back to Balaclava.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading On the 13th of November the glass fell; the weather, which had hitherto been calm and sunny, began to change, and there was every indication of a heavy gale.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Soon after sunset a heavy squall struck the ship, followed by fitful gusts, gradually increasing in strength, while the hitherto calm sea was covered with foaming waves, through which the _Tornado_ forced her way.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The commander knew that his safest course would be to run back to Constantinople, but his orders were to proceed to Balaclava without loss of time.

Chapter 12 of The Three Commanders by William Henry Giles Kingston holds 411 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Three Commanders contain?

Chapter 12 holds 411 sentences of The Three Commanders, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Three Commanders by William Henry Giles Kingston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 411 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Three Commanders?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Three Commanders

Common questions about reading The Three Commanders by William Henry Giles Kingston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Three Commanders?

Yes. All 6875 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24678 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Three Commanders is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24678, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Three Commanders take to read?

About 572 minutes of reading across 1375 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Three Commanders section by section

How to work through The Three Commanders section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of The Three Commanders to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Three Commanders

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Three Commanders, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Three Commanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Commanders
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Three Commanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kingston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Three Commanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Third
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Three Commanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.