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The Trail of the Axe
The Trail of the Axe

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Trail of the Axe is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.
Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.
It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.
Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.
Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Trail of the Axe

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Trail of the Axe is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.
Line 2
Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.
Line 3
It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.
Line 4
Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.
/əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ hɪm ˈkloʊsli wʌn hæd ðə ˌɪmˈpreʃən ðæt ˈneɪtʃər hæd set hərˈself ðə tæsk ʌv ɪˈkwɪpɪŋ hɪm fɔːr ə trəˈmendəs ˈstrʌɡəl ɪn ðə ˈbætəl ʌv laɪf æz ðoʊ ʃiː hæd dɪˈtɜːrmənd tuː meɪk hɪm ˌɪnˈvɪnsəbəl/
Line 5
Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.
/prɪˈzuːmɪŋ ðɪs tuː hæv bɪn hɜːr ˈpɜːrpəs ʃiː set tuː wɜːrk wɪð ə ˈlɪbɜːrəl hænd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Dyke noun US /daɪk/

(slang) offensive term for a lesbian who is noticeably masculine

From this reading “_A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.”

earliest adjective US /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading “It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.”

equipping noun US /ɪˈkwɪpɪŋ/

the act of equiping with weapons in preparation for war

From this reading “Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.”

invincible adjective US /ˌɪnˈvɪnsəbəl/

incapable of being overcome or subdued

From this reading “Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.”

liberal adjective US /ˈlɪbɜːrəl/

showing or characterized by broad-mindedness

From this reading “Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.”

moulding noun US /ˈmoʊldɪŋ/

a decorative strip used for ornamentation or finishing

From this reading “Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.”

Presuming verb US /prɪˈzuːmɪŋ/

-ing form of “presume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading “Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.”

Watchers noun US /ˈwɑːtʃərz/

plural of “watcher” — a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading “_A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ten years noun + noun

In this reading “It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.”

ugly face adjective + noun

In this reading “Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.”

Red Sand noun + noun

In this reading “_A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.”

liberal hand adjective + noun

In this reading “Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

Dave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

DykenounUS /daɪk/

(slang) offensive term for a lesbian who is noticeably masculine

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.

equippingnounUS /ɪˈkwɪpɪŋ/

the act of equiping with weapons in preparation for war

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

HolenounUS /hoʊl/

an opening into or through something

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

impressionnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

invincibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɪnsəbəl/

incapable of being overcome or subdued

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

liberaladjectiveUS /ˈlɪbɜːrəl/

showing or characterized by broad-mindedness

From this reading Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

mouldingnounUS /ˈmoʊldɪŋ/

a decorative strip used for ornamentation or finishing

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.

ObservingadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

PlainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

PresumingverbUS /prɪˈzuːmɪŋ/

-ing form of “presume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.

probableadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːbəbəl/

likely but not certain to be or become true or real

From this reading It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.

RednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

SandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

SheriffnounUS /ˈʃerəf/

the principal law-enforcement officer in a county

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

StorynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

thirty-twoadjective

being two more than thirty

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

tremendousadjectiveUS /trəˈmendəs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading Observing him closely, one had the impression that Nature had set herself the task of equipping him for a tremendous struggle in the battle of life; as though she had determined to make him invincible.

uglyadjectiveUS /ˈʌɡli/

displeasing to the senses

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

ValleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Dave was thirty-two, but looked forty; for, in moulding his great, strong, ugly face, Nature had been less than kind to him.

WatchersnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃərz/

plural of “watcher” — a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading _A Story of the Red Sand Valley_ Author of "The Watchers of the Plains," "The Sheriff of Dyke Hole", etc.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Presuming this to have been her purpose, she set to work with a liberal hand.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It is probable, from his earliest, Dave had never looked less than ten years older than he really was.

Chapter 1 of The Trail of the Axe by Ridgwell Cullum holds 185 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Trail of the Axe contain?

Chapter 1 holds 185 sentences of The Trail of the Axe, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Trail of the Axe by Ridgwell Cullum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 185 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Trail of the Axe?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Trail of the Axe

Common questions about reading The Trail of the Axe by Ridgwell Cullum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Trail of the Axe?

Yes. All 7845 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36522 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Trail of the Axe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36522, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Trail of the Axe take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1569 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Trail of the Axe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Trail of the Axe

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Trail of the Axe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Trail of the Axe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Valley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Trail of the Axe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Trail of the Axe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Watchers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Trail of the Axe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.