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The Trail of the Elk
The Trail of the Elk

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Trail of the Elk is here in full — 471 sentences across 95 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Trail of the Elk
Context Illustration Reading 1/94 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.
Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.
They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.
The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.
When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Trail of the Elk

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Trail of the Elk is here in full — 471 sentences across 95 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/94 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.
Line 2
Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.
Line 3
They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.
/ðeɪ wɜːr ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈdɪstəns bɪˈtwiːn ðem æt taɪmz ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ ənd ðen əˈɡen dɪˈmɪnɪʃɪŋ/
Line 4
The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.
Line 5
When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.
/wen hiː ˈlɪftəd ðem hɪz hʊfs tʌtʃt wɪð ə saʊnd laɪk draɪ stɪks ˈbiːtɪŋ iːtʃ ˈʌðər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

antlers noun US /ˈæntlərz/

plural of “antler” — deciduous horn of a member of the deer family

From this reading “The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.”

diminishing adjective US /dɪˈmɪnɪʃɪŋ/

becoming smaller or less or appearing to do so

From this reading “They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.”

elk noun US /elk/

large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male; called “elk” in Europe and “moose” in North America

From this reading “The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.”

evenly adverb US /ˈiːvənli/

in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way

From this reading “The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.”

needles noun US /ˈniːdəlz/

plural of “needle” — the leaf of a conifer

From this reading “The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.”

ploughed adjective US /plaʊd/

(of farmland) broken and turned over with a plow

From this reading “The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.”

undergrowth noun US /ˈʌndərɡroʊθ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading “The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.”

westwards adverb US /ˈwestwərdz/

toward the west

From this reading “The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

pine needles noun + noun counted as “pine needle”

In this reading “The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.”

through the undergrowth preposition + article + noun counted as “through … undergrowth”

In this reading “The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.”

at times preposition + noun

sporadically and infrequently

In this reading “They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.”

heavy body adjective + noun

In this reading “The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.

antlersnounUS /ˈæntlərz/

plural of “antler” — deciduous horn of a member of the deer family

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

beatingnounUS /ˈbiːtɪŋ/

the act of overcoming or outdoing

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

bulknounUS /bʌlk/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

clip-clapping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

diminishingadjectiveUS /dɪˈmɪnɪʃɪŋ/

becoming smaller or less or appearing to do so

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

elknounUS /elk/

large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male; called “elk” in Europe and “moose” in North America

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

evenlyadverbUS /ˈiːvənli/

in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

hoofsnounUS /hʊfs/

plural of “hoof” — the foot of an ungulate mammal

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

liftedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪftəd/

held up in the air

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

MountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

nakedadjectiveUS /ˈneɪkəd/

completely unclothed

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

needlesnounUS /ˈniːdəlz/

plural of “needle” — the leaf of a conifer

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

pinenounUS /paɪn/

a coniferous tree

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

ploughedadjectiveUS /plaʊd/

(of farmland) broken and turned over with a plow

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.

Ré

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

sticksnounUS /stɪks/

plural of “stick” — an implement consisting of a length of wood

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

swamverbUS /swæm/

inflected form of “swim” — travel through water

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

swellverbUS /swel/

increase in size, magnitude, number, or intensity

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

swishing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading They were fighting over the distance between them, at times increasing and then again diminishing.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.

undergrowthnounUS /ˈʌndərɡroʊθ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

wavenounUS /weɪv/

one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Two animals were running towards Ré Mountain, a big one in front, a smaller one after.

westwardsadverbUS /ˈwestwərdz/

toward the west

From this reading The hills swam westwards towards the naked bulk of Ré Mountain, wave upon wave in long, easy swell.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When he lifted them his hoofs touched with a sound like dry sticks beating each other.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The elk ploughed through the undergrowth with his long, heavy body, his antlers swishing through the green pine needles, his legs clip-clapping evenly and surely.

Chapter 4 of The Trail of the Elk by Mikkjel Fønhus holds 471 sentences, grouped into 95 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Trail of the Elk contain?

Chapter 4 holds 471 sentences of The Trail of the Elk, unabridged, divided into 95 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Trail of the Elk by Mikkjel Fønhus exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 471 sentences, grouped into 95 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Trail of the Elk?

Work through the 95 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 95 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Trail of the Elk

Common questions about reading The Trail of the Elk by Mikkjel Fønhus on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Trail of the Elk?

Yes. All 2345 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51771 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Trail of the Elk is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51771, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Trail of the Elk take to read?

About 195 minutes of reading across 469 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Trail of the Elk section by section

How to work through The Trail of the Elk section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of The Trail of the Elk to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Trail of the Elk

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Trail of the Elk, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Obvious
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Trail of the Elk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Print
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Trail of the Elk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Punctuation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Trail of the Elk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Trail of the Elk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.