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The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1
The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1

Chapter XLV · Chapter 45

Chapter 45 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OF THE CITY OF BALC.
Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.
But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.
There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.
The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1

Chapter XLV · Chapter 45

Chapter 45 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF THE CITY OF BALC.
Line 2
Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.
Line 3
But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.
/bʌt ðə ˈtɑːrtərz ənd ˈʌðər ˈneɪʃənz hæv ˈɡreɪtli ˈrævɪdʒd ənd dɪˈstrɔɪd ɪt/
Line 4
There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.
/ðer wɜːr ˈfɔːrmərli ˈmeni faɪn ˈpæləsəz ənd ˈbɪldɪŋz ʌv ˈmɑːrbəl ənd ðə ˈruːənz ʌv ðem stɪl rɪˈmeɪn/
Line 5
The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alexander noun US /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading “The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.”

buildings noun US /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading “There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.”

destroyed adjective US /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading “But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.”

nations noun US /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.”

palaces noun US /ˈpæləsəz/

plural of “palace” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading “There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.”

ravaged adjective US /ˈrævɪdʒd/

having been robbed and destroyed by force and violence

From this reading “But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.”

ruins noun US /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading “There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.”

Tartars noun US /ˈtɑːrtərz/

plural of “tartar” — a salt used especially in baking powder

From this reading “But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.”

All words in this reading · 47

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

BALC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OF THE CITY OF BALC.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.

CITYnounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading OF THE CITY OF BALC.

Darius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

marblenounUS /ˈmɑːrbəl/

a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF THE CITY OF BALC.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.

palacesnounUS /ˈpæləsəz/

plural of “palace” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.

ravagedadjectiveUS /ˈrævɪdʒd/

having been robbed and destroyed by force and violence

From this reading But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

TartarsnounUS /ˈtɑːrtərz/

plural of “tartar” — a salt used especially in baking powder

From this reading But the Tartars and other nations have greatly ravaged and destroyed it.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OF THE CITY OF BALC.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Balc is a noble city and a great, though it was much greater in former days.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were formerly many fine palaces and buildings of marble, and the ruins of them still remain.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading The people of the city tell that it was here that Alexander took to wife the daughter of Darius.

Chapter 45 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 by Marco Polo holds 55 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 45 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 45 holds 55 sentences of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 45 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 by Marco Polo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 55 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 45 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 45 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 45 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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