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The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1
The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1

Chapter LI · Chapter 51

Chapter 51 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 is here in full — 49 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OF THE KINGDOM OF CASCAR.
Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.
The people worship Mahommet.
There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.
The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1

Chapter LI · Chapter 51

Chapter 51 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 is here in full — 49 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF THE KINGDOM OF CASCAR.
Line 2
Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.
Line 3
The people worship Mahommet.
Line 4
There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.
Line 5
The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.
/ðə ɪnˈhæbətənts laɪv baɪ treɪd ənd ˈhændikræfts ðeɪ hæv ˈbjuːtəfəl ˈɡɑːrdənz ənd ˈvɪnjərdz ənd faɪn ɪˈsteɪts ənd ɡroʊ ə ɡreɪt diːl ʌv ˈkɑːtən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

constituted adjective US /ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading “Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.”

cotton noun US /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading “The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.”

estates noun US /ɪˈsteɪts/

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading “The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.”

handicrafts noun US /ˈhændikræfts/

plural of “handicraft” — a work produced by hand labor

From this reading “The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.”

north-east adverb US /ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/

to, toward, or in the northeast

From this reading “Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.”

towns noun US /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading “There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.”

villages noun US /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading “There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.”

vineyards noun US /ˈvɪnjərdz/

plural of “vineyard” — a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading “The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

CASCAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OF THE KINGDOM OF CASCAR.

constitutedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

cottonnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

estatesnounUS /ɪˈsteɪts/

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

finestadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

handicraftsnounUS /ˈhændikræfts/

plural of “handicraft” — a work produced by hand labor

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.

Kaan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

KINGDOMnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading OF THE KINGDOM OF CASCAR.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

Mahommet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people worship Mahommet.

north-eastadverbUS /ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/

to, toward, or in the northeast

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF THE KINGDOM OF CASCAR.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The people worship Mahommet.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OF THE KINGDOM OF CASCAR.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Cascar is a region lying between north-east and east, and constituted a kingdom in former days, but now it is subject to the Great Kaan.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

villagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading There are a good number of towns and villages, but the greatest and finest is Cascar itself.

vineyardsnounUS /ˈvɪnjərdz/

plural of “vineyard” — a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading The inhabitants live by trade and handicrafts; they have beautiful gardens and vineyards, and fine estates, and grow a great deal of cotton.

worshipverbUS /ˈwɜːrʃəp/

love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading The people worship Mahommet.

Chapter 51 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 by Marco Polo holds 49 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 51 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 51 holds 49 sentences of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 51 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 by Marco Polo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 49 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 51 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 51 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 51 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1

Common questions about reading The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 by Marco Polo on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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