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The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1
The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1

Chapter LXXXI · Chapter 81

Chapter 81 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 is here in full — 49 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
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CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.
Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.
And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.
He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.
Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1

Chapter LXXXI · Chapter 81

Chapter 81 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 is here in full — 49 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.
Line 2
Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.
Line 3
And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.
/ənd hiː ɪz ðə sɪksθ lɔːrd ɪn ðæt səkˈseʃən æz aɪ hæv ɔːlˈredi toʊld juː ɪn ðɪs bʊk/
Line 4
He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.
Line 5
Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disputed adjective US /dɪsˈpjuːtəd/

subject to disagreement and debate

From this reading “He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.”

lineage noun US /ˈlɪniədʒ/

the descendants of one individual

From this reading “Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.”

reigned verb US /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading “Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.”

revolt noun US /rɪˈvoʊlt/

organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

From this reading “CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.”

sixth adjective US /sɪksθ/

coming next after the fifth and just before the seventh in position

From this reading “And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.”

sprung verb US /sprʌŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading “He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.”

Tartars noun US /ˈtɑːrtərz/

plural of “tartar” — a salt used especially in baking powder

From this reading “Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.”

wars noun US /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading “Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

1256

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

1298

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

abilitynounUS /əˈbɪlətiː/

the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

captainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

Chinghis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

ChristnounUS /kraɪst/

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

claimnounUS /kleɪm/

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

CONCERNINGverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

CUBLAY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

disputedadjectiveUS /dɪsˈpjuːtəd/

subject to disagreement and debate

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

eighty-fiveadjective

being five more than eighty

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

forty-threeadjective

being three more than forty

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

gallantadjectiveUS /ˈɡælənt/

unflinching in battle or action

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

GREATadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

ImperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

KAAN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

kinsmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

lineagenounUS /ˈlɪniədʒ/

the descendants of one individual

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

maintainedadjectiveUS /meɪnˈteɪnd/

kept in good condition

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

NAYAN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

reignedverbUS /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

REVOLTnounUS /rɪˈvoʊlt/

organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

sixthadjectiveUS /sɪksθ/

coming next after the fifth and just before the seventh in position

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

sovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

sprungverbUS /sprʌŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

successionnounUS /səkˈseʃən/

a following of one thing after another in time

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

TartarsnounUS /ˈtɑːrtərz/

plural of “tartar” — a salt used especially in baking powder

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Now this Cublay Kaan is of the right Imperial lineage, being descended from Chinghis Kaan, the first sovereign of all the Tartars.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

two-and-forty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

UNCLEnounUS /ˈʌŋkəl/

the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

UpadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

valournoun

the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle)

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

warsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

WASauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

WHOpronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY.

witnounUS /wɪt/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading He came to the throne in the year of Christ, 1256, and the Empire fell to him because of his ability and valour and great worth, as was right and reason.{1} His brothers, indeed, and other kinsmen disputed his claim, but his it remained, both because maintained by his great valour, and because it was in law and right his, as being directly sprung of the imperial line.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Up to the year of Christ now running, to wit 1298, he hath reigned two-and-forty years, and his age is about eighty-five, so that he must have been about forty-three years of age when he first came to the throne.{2} Before that time he had often been to the wars, and had shown himself a gallant soldier and an excellent captain.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading And he is the sixth Lord in that succession, as I have already told you in this book.

Chapter 81 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 by Marco Polo holds 49 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 81 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 81 holds 49 sentences of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 81 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 by Marco Polo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 49 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 81 of The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 3
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