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The Tree of Appomattox
The Tree of Appomattox

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Tree of Appomattox is here in full — 214 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.
Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.
He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.
Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.
The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Tree of Appomattox

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Tree of Appomattox is here in full — 214 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.
Line 2
Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.
Line 3
He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.
/hiː ɪɡˈzɪbətəd ðen ɔːl ðə ˈkwɑːlətiz ðæt ˈæftərwərd reɪzd hɪm soʊ haɪ ɪn ðə kəˈmɜːrʃəl wɜːrld/
Line 4
Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.
/ˌɔːlˈðoʊ ðeɪ wɜːr ˈsædənd ˈɔːfən baɪ ðə ˈspektəkəl ʌv ðə ˈruːən ðə lɔːŋ wɔːr hæd meɪd ðeɪ kept ðer ˈspɪrɪts ɑːn ðə hoʊl ˈwʌndərfəli wel/
Line 5
The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.
/ðə tuː ˈkɜːrnəlz ˈeksələnt ˈhɔːrsmən wɜːr æn ənˈfeɪlɪŋ sɔːrs ʌv ˈtʃɪrfəlnəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cheerfulness noun US /ˈtʃɪrfəlnəs/

the quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom

From this reading “The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.”

colonels noun US /ˈkɜːrnəlz/

plural of “colonel” — a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading “The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.”

expert adjective US /ˈekspərt/

having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

From this reading “Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.”

forage noun US /ˈfɔːrɪdʒ/

bulky food like grass or hay for browsing or grazing horses or cattle

From this reading “Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.”

horsemen noun US /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading “The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.”

reckoning noun US /ˈrekənɪŋ/

problem solving that involves numbers or quantities

From this reading “THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.”

saddened verb US /ˈsædənd/

past form of “sadden” — make unhappy

From this reading “Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.”

unfailing adjective US /ənˈfeɪlɪŋ/

not liable to failure

From this reading “The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

afterwardadverbUS /ˈæftərwərd/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

bargainnounUS /ˈbɑːrɡən/

an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

cheerfulnessnounUS /ˈtʃɪrfəlnəs/

the quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom

From this reading The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

colonelsnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəlz/

plural of “colonel” — a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.

commercialadjectiveUS /kəˈmɜːrʃəl/

connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises

From this reading He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.

exhibitedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbətəd/

past form of “exhibit” — show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.

expertadjectiveUS /ˈekspərt/

having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

FINALadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

foragenounUS /ˈfɔːrɪdʒ/

bulky food like grass or hay for browsing or grazing horses or cattle

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

guidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.

horsemennounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

qualitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːlətiz/

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.

RECKONINGnounUS /ˈrekənɪŋ/

problem solving that involves numbers or quantities

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

saddenedverbUS /ˈsædənd/

past form of “sadden” — make unhappy

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

SergeantnounUS /ˈsɑːrdʒənt/

any of several noncommissioned officer ranks in the Army or Air Force or Marines ranking above a corporal

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.

spectaclenounUS /ˈspektəkəl/

something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.

unfailingadjectiveUS /ənˈfeɪlɪŋ/

not liable to failure

From this reading The two colonels, excellent horsemen, were an unfailing source of cheerfulness.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

war-tornadjective

laid waste by war

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

Whitley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sergeant Whitley was usually their guide and he was an expert to bargain for food and forage.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

wonderfullyadverbUS /ˈwʌndərfəli/

(used as an intensifier) extremely well

From this reading Although they were saddened often by the spectacle of the ruin the long war had made, they kept their spirits, on the whole, wonderfully well.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading He exhibited then all the qualities that afterward raised him so high in the commercial world.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading THE FINAL RECKONING They rode a long time through a war-torn country, and the days bound the young men together so closely that, at times, it seemed to them they had fought on the same side all through the war.

Chapter 18 of The Tree of Appomattox by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 214 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Tree of Appomattox contain?

Chapter 18 holds 214 sentences of The Tree of Appomattox, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Tree of Appomattox by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 214 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Tree of Appomattox?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The Tree of Appomattox

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Tree of Appomattox, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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