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The truce of God — A tale of the eleventh century
The truce of God — A tale of the eleventh century

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The truce of God — A tale of the eleventh century is here in full — 360 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
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The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.
O my poor kingdom, sick with civil blows!
HENRY IV.
Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.
Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The truce of God — A tale of the eleventh century

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The truce of God — A tale of the eleventh century is here in full — 360 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.
/ðə waɪld dɔːɡ ʃæl fleʃ hɪz tuːθ ɪn ˈevəri ˈɪnəsənt/
Line 2
O my poor kingdom, sick with civil blows!
/oʊ maɪ puːr ˈkɪŋdəm sɪk wɪð ˈsɪvəl bloʊz/
Line 3
HENRY IV.
Line 4
Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.
Line 5
Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.
/nɔːr wɑːz hɪz dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk maɪnd ˈɑːkjəpaɪd wɪð ˈdʒɜːrməni əˈloʊn ənd ðə ˈmuːvmənts ðer wɪtʃ ˈmenəst hɪz laɪf ənd ðə ˈlɪb.ər.ti ənd ˈpjʊrəti ʌv ðə tʃɜːrtʃ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

awaited adjective US /əˈweɪtɪd/

expected hopefully

From this reading “Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.”

favorable adjective US /ˈfeɪvərəbəl/

encouraging or approving or pleasing

From this reading “Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.”

gigantic adjective US /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading “Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.”

Gregory noun US /ˈɡreɡəri/

(Roman Catholic Church) a church father known for his constant fight against perceived heresies; a saint and Doctor of the Church (329-391)

From this reading “Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.”

menaced verb US /ˈmenəst/

past form of “menace” — pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading “Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.”

purity noun US /ˈpjʊrəti/

being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material

From this reading “Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.”

tooth noun US /tuːθ/

hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense

From this reading “The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.”

treachery noun US /ˈtretʃ.ər.i/

Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or disloyalty against a host or ally.

From this reading “Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

Augsburg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

awaitedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪtɪd/

expected hopefully

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

blowsnounUS /bloʊz/

plural of “blow” — a powerful stroke with the fist or a weapon

From this reading O my poor kingdom, sick with civil blows!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

Canossa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading O my poor kingdom, sick with civil blows!

dognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.

emperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.

favorableadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪvərəbəl/

encouraging or approving or pleasing

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

fleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

giganticadjectiveUS /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

GregorynounUS /ˈɡreɡəri/

(Roman Catholic Church) a church father known for his constant fight against perceived heresies; a saint and Doctor of the Church (329-391)

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

HENRYnounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading HENRY IV.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading HENRY IV.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading O my poor kingdom, sick with civil blows!

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

menacedverbUS /ˈmenəst/

past form of “menace” — pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading O my poor kingdom, sick with civil blows!

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading O my poor kingdom, sick with civil blows!

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading O my poor kingdom, sick with civil blows!

puritynounUS /ˈpjʊrəti/

being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

Shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

ShutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

sickadjectiveUS /sɪk/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading O my poor kingdom, sick with civil blows!

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

toothnounUS /tuːθ/

hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense

From this reading The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.

treacherynounUS /ˈtretʃ.ər.i/

Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or disloyalty against a host or ally.

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

VIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Nor was his gigantic mind occupied with Germany alone, and the movements there which menaced his life and the liberty and purity of the Church.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Shut out from Augsburg by the treachery of the emperor, Gregory VII retired to Canossa, where he resolved to let the affairs of Germany shape themselves for a time, while he awaited a more favorable moment for action.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth in every innocent.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading O my poor kingdom, sick with civil blows!

Chapter 8 of The truce of God — A tale of the eleventh century by George H. (George Henry) Miles holds 360 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The truce of God — A tale of the eleventh century contain?

Chapter 8 holds 360 sentences of The truce of God — A tale of the eleventh century, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The truce of God — A tale of the eleventh century by George H. (George Henry) Miles exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 360 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The truce of God — A tale of the eleventh century?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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