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The Unclassed
The Unclassed

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Unclassed is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.
Such conversation was, as we know, habitual.
Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.
One thing was clear enough.
The fiction of a mere friendship between himself and Ida was impossible to support.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Unclassed

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Unclassed is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.
Line 2
Such conversation was, as we know, habitual.
/sʌtʃ ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən wɑːz æz wiː noʊ həˈbɪtʃuːəl/
Line 3
Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.
Line 4
One thing was clear enough.
/wʌn θɪŋ wɑːz klɪr ɪˈnʌf/
Line 5
The fiction of a mere friendship between himself and Ida was impossible to support.
/ðə ˈfɪkʃən ʌv ə mɪr ˈfrendʃɪp bɪˈtwiːn hɪmˈself ənd ˈaɪdə wɑːz ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl tuː səˈpɔːrt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

diplomacy noun US /dɪˈploʊməsi/

negotiation between nations

From this reading “DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.”

dissect verb US /daɪˈsekt/

cut open or cut apart

From this reading “Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.”

fiction noun US /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading “The fiction of a mere friendship between himself and Ida was impossible to support.”

habitual adjective US /həˈbɪtʃuːəl/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading “Such conversation was, as we know, habitual.”

Ida noun US /ˈaɪdə/

an agency of the United Nations affiliated with the World Bank

From this reading “DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.”

motives noun US /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading “Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.”

needful adjective US /ˈniːdfəl/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading “Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.”

ultimately adverb US /ˈʌltəmətli/

as the end result of a succession or process

From this reading “Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

actingnounUS /ˈæktɪŋ/

the performance of a part or role in a drama

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The fiction of a mere friendship between himself and Ida was impossible to support.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Such conversation was, as we know, habitual.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

behoved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The fiction of a mere friendship between himself and Ida was impossible to support.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

consciousnessnounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Such conversation was, as we know, habitual.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

DIPLOMACYnounUS /dɪˈploʊməsi/

negotiation between nations

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

dissectverbUS /daɪˈsekt/

cut open or cut apart

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading One thing was clear enough.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading The fiction of a mere friendship between himself and Ida was impossible to support.

frankadjectiveUS /fræŋk/

characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading The fiction of a mere friendship between himself and Ida was impossible to support.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

habitualadjectiveUS /həˈbɪtʃuːəl/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading Such conversation was, as we know, habitual.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

IdanounUS /ˈaɪdə/

an agency of the United Nations affiliated with the World Bank

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading The fiction of a mere friendship between himself and Ida was impossible to support.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Such conversation was, as we know, habitual.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading The fiction of a mere friendship between himself and Ida was impossible to support.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

motivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

needfuladjectiveUS /ˈniːdfəl/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

pursueverbUS /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such conversation was, as we know, habitual.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading The fiction of a mere friendship between himself and Ida was impossible to support.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading One thing was clear enough.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

ultimatelyadverbUS /ˈʌltəmətli/

as the end result of a succession or process

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Such conversation was, as we know, habitual.

Waymark

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Such conversation was, as we know, habitual.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Under the circumstances, however, he felt that it behoved him to become especially clear on one or two points; never mind what course he might ultimately pursue, it was always needful to him to dissect his own motives, that he might at least be acting with full consciousness.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading DIPLOMACY Waymark had a good deal of frank talk with himself before meeting Ida again on the Sunday.

Chapter 20 of The Unclassed by George Gissing holds 228 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Unclassed contain?

Chapter 20 holds 228 sentences of The Unclassed, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Unclassed by George Gissing exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 228 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Unclassed?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Unclassed

Common questions about reading The Unclassed by George Gissing on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Unclassed?

Yes. All 7682 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4305 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Unclassed is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4305, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Unclassed take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1537 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Unclassed section by section

How to work through The Unclassed section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Unclassed

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Unclassed, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Starr
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Unclassed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dismissed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Unclassed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Schoolmistress
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Unclassed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quickly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Unclassed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.