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The Undefeated
The Undefeated

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Undefeated is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Undefeated
Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.
But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.
How common he was!
It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.
It was very stupid, indeed!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Undefeated

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Undefeated is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.
Line 2
But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.
Line 3
How common he was!
Line 4
It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.
Line 5
It was very stupid, indeed!
/ɪt wɑːz ˈveri ˈstuːpəd ˌɪnˈdiːd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

folders noun US /ˈfoʊldərz/

plural of “folder” — a small book usually having a paper cover

From this reading “But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.”

invertebrate noun US /ˌɪnˈvɜːrtəbrət/

any animal lacking a backbone or notochord; the term is not used as a scientific classification

From this reading “Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.”

literally adverb US /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading “But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.”

prim verb US /prɪm/

assume a prim appearance

From this reading “Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.”

sternly adverb US /ˈstɜːrnli/

with sternness; in a severe manner

From this reading “But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.”

tense noun US /tens/

a grammatical category of verbs used to express distinctions of time

From this reading “Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.”

transfixed adjective US /trænˈsfɪkst/

having your attention fixated as though by a spell

From this reading “But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.”

warrior noun US /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading “But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

thin lips adjective + noun counted as “thin lip”

In this reading “But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.”

great warrior adjective + noun

In this reading “But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.”

really very adverb + adjective

In this reading “It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

AuntnounUS /ænt/

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading How common he was!

declassé

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

foldersnounUS /ˈfoʊldərz/

plural of “folder” — a small book usually having a paper cover

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

Gerty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

ghostnounUS /ɡoʊst/

a mental representation of some haunting experience

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading How common he was!

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How common he was!

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading It was very stupid, indeed!

invertebratenounUS /ˌɪnˈvɜːrtəbrət/

any animal lacking a backbone or notochord; the term is not used as a scientific classification

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

Josiah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

literallyadverbUS /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

MarianounUS /mərˈiːə/

a dark region of considerable extent on the surface of the moon

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

Melia's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

primverbUS /prɪm/

assume a prim appearance

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

prizenounUS /praɪz/

something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for winning a lottery

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

sternlyadverbUS /ˈstɜːrnli/

with sternness; in a severe manner

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

stupidadjectiveUS /ˈstuːpəd/

lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

tensenounUS /tens/

a grammatical category of verbs used to express distinctions of time

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

tortoiseshellnoun

the mottled horny substance of the shell of some turtles

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

transfixedadjectiveUS /trænˈsfɪkst/

having your attention fixated as though by a spell

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It was really very stupid of Josiah to let him have a prize in such circumstances.

warriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Aunt Gerty, standing prim and tense at the back of the invertebrate Maria, grew as white as if she had seen a ghost.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But she drew in her thin lips sternly and, great warrior as she was, literally transfixed poor Melia's declassé husband with her tortoiseshell folders.

Chapter 3 of The Undefeated by J. C. (John Collis) Snaith holds 436 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Undefeated contain?

Chapter 3 holds 436 sentences of The Undefeated, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Undefeated by J. C. (John Collis) Snaith exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 436 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Undefeated?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Undefeated

Common questions about reading The Undefeated by J. C. (John Collis) Snaith on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Undefeated?

Yes. All 4728 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #63546 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Undefeated is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #63546, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Undefeated take to read?

About 394 minutes of reading across 946 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Undefeated section by section

How to work through The Undefeated section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of The Undefeated to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Undefeated

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Undefeated, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undefeated; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sailor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undefeated; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Broke
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undefeated; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Covenden
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undefeated; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.