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The Undercurrent
The Undercurrent

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Undercurrent is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.
Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.
She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.
Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.
Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Undercurrent

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Undercurrent is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.
Line 2
Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.
/ˈfæʃənz ɪn ðə ˈneroʊ sens ʌv kloʊðz ɑːr ɪn əˈmerəkə set baɪ ðə ˈdresmeɪkərz bʌt wʌt ˈmɪsɪz ˈwɪlsən wɔːr wɑːz ˈɔːlweɪz ə ˈmætər ʌv ˈmoʊmənt tuː ˈwɪmən huː wɪʃt tuː biː ɪn staɪl/
Line 3
She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.
/ʃiː drest ˈelɪɡəntliː ənd ʃiː wɑːz ˈeɪbəl tuː teɪk ˈlɪbərtiːz wɪð ðə ˈdresmeɪkərz ˈduːɪŋ ˈderɪŋ θɪŋz wɪð ˈkʌlərz ənd məˈtɪriəlz wɪtʃ ˈdʒʌstəfaɪd ðemˈselvz jet wɜːr soʊ ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl ðæt ðeɪ wɜːr ˈlaɪəbəl tuː meɪk ɡaɪz ʌv ðoʊz huː ˈkɑːpid hɜːr/
Line 4
Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.
/ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli hɜːr ˈwɔːrdroʊb hæd ə dɪˈstɪŋkʃən ʌv ɪts oʊn wɪtʃ proʊˈkleɪmd ˈfæʃən jet dɪˈfaɪd ɪt/
Line 5
Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.
/jet hɜːr kloʊðz ˈstraɪkɪŋ ənd sʊˈpɜːrb æz ðeɪ ˈɔːfən wɜːr ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd ˈoʊnli ə smɔːl pɑːrt ʌv hɜːr ˈsoʊʃəl ɪˈfektɪvnəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

compatible adjective US /kəmˈpætəbəl/

able to exist and perform in harmonious or agreeable combination

From this reading “Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.”

defied verb US /dɪˈfaɪd/

inflected form of “defy” — resist or confront with resistance

From this reading “Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.”

dressmakers noun US /ˈdresmeɪkərz/

plural of “dressmaker” — someone who makes or mends dresses

From this reading “Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.”

effectiveness noun US /ɪˈfektɪvnəs/

power to be effective; the quality of being able to bring about an effect

From this reading “Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.”

elegantly adverb US /ˈelɪɡəntliː/

with elegance; in a tastefully elegant manner

From this reading “She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.”

Fashions noun US /ˈfæʃənz/

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.”

guys noun US /ɡaɪz/

plural of “guy” — an informal term for a youth or man

From this reading “She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.”

liberties noun US /ˈlɪbərtiːz/

plural of “liberty” — immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence

From this reading “She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

small part adjective + noun

In this reading “Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

Benham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

colorsnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a flag that shows its nationality

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

compatibleadjectiveUS /kəmˈpætəbəl/

able to exist and perform in harmonious or agreeable combination

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

ConsequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.

constitutedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.

copiedverbUS /ˈkɑːpid/

inflected form of “copy” — copy down as is

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

defiedverbUS /dɪˈfaɪd/

inflected form of “defy” — resist or confront with resistance

From this reading Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

dressmakersnounUS /ˈdresmeɪkərz/

plural of “dressmaker” — someone who makes or mends dresses

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

effectivenessnounUS /ɪˈfektɪvnəs/

power to be effective; the quality of being able to bring about an effect

From this reading Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.

elegantlyadverbUS /ˈelɪɡəntliː/

with elegance; in a tastefully elegant manner

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.

FashionsnounUS /ˈfæʃənz/

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

guysnounUS /ɡaɪz/

plural of “guy” — an informal term for a youth or man

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

institutionsnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz/

plural of “institution” — an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.

justifiedadjectiveUS /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪd/

having words so spaced that lines have straight even margins

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

liableadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪəbəl/

at risk of or subject to experiencing something usually unpleasant

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

libertiesnounUS /ˈlɪbərtiːz/

plural of “liberty” — immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.

proclaimedadjectiveUS /proʊˈkleɪmd/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

strikingadjectiveUS /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/

sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect

From this reading Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

superbadjectiveUS /sʊˈpɜːrb/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading Yet her clothes, striking and superb as they often were, constituted only a small part of her social effectiveness.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

termedverbUS /tɜːrmd/

past form of “term” — name formally or designate with a term

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

wardrobenounUS /ˈwɔːrdroʊb/

a tall piece of furniture that provides storage space for clothes; has a door and rails or hooks for hanging clothes

From this reading Consequently, her wardrobe had a distinction of its own which proclaimed fashion yet defied it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

WilsonnounUS /ˈwɪlsən/

author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Mrs. Wilson could fairly be termed the leader of social activity in Benham, if such a term be compatible with the institutions of a country where every women is supposed to be a law unto herself.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading Fashions, in the narrow sense of clothes, are in America set by the dressmakers, but what Mrs. Wilson wore was always a matter of moment to women who wished to be in style.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading She dressed elegantly, and she was able to take liberties with the dressmakers, doing daring things with colors and materials which justified themselves, yet were so individual that they were liable to make guys of those who copied her.

Chapter 4 of The Undercurrent by Robert Grant holds 407 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Undercurrent contain?

Chapter 4 holds 407 sentences of The Undercurrent, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Undercurrent by Robert Grant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 407 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Undercurrent?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Undercurrent

Common questions about reading The Undercurrent by Robert Grant on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Undercurrent?

Yes. All 6580 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56310 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Undercurrent is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56310, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Undercurrent take to read?

About 548 minutes of reading across 1316 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Undercurrent section by section

How to work through The Undercurrent section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The Undercurrent to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Undercurrent

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Undercurrent, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lover
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undercurrent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beside
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undercurrent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Suggesting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undercurrent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Escort
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undercurrent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.