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The Undercurrent
The Undercurrent

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Undercurrent is here in full — 409 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.
"When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.
It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.
It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.
If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Undercurrent

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Undercurrent is here in full — 409 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.
Line 2
"When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.
/wen juː seɪ ðæt bɪˈkɔːz aɪ liːv ə ˈlɑːrdʒər ɪˈsteɪt ðæn juː maɪ ɪˈsteɪt ʃæl peɪ ə ˈlɑːrdʒər prəˈpɔːrʃənət tæks ðæn jʊrz juː ˈkɑːnfəskeɪt ˈprɑːpərti/
Line 3
It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.
/ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli əˈnʌðər step tuː meɪk ðə ˈreɪʃioʊ ʌv ˌɪnˈkriːs sʌtʃ ðæt ˈæftər ə ˈsɜːrtən sʌm ɔːl wɪl biː əˈproʊprieɪtɪd baɪ ðə steɪt/
Line 4
It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.
/ɪt wʊd biː ə bloʊ æt ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl ˈentərpraɪz ənd soʊ æt ðə stəˈbɪlɪti ʌv ðə ˈfæməli/
Line 5
If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."
/ɪf juː dɪˈpraɪv men ʌv ðə raɪt tuː əˈkjuːmjəleɪt ənd tuː liːv tuː ðer ˈtʃɪldrən ðə fʊl fruːts ʌv ðer ˈɪndəstri ənd breɪnz juː teɪk əˈweɪ ðə ɡreɪt ˌɪnˈsentɪv tuː sərˈmaʊnt ˈɑːbstəkəlz ənd tuː ɪkˈsel/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accumulate verb US /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/

get or gather together

From this reading “If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."”

confiscate verb US /ˈkɑːnfəskeɪt/

take temporary possession of as a security, by legal authority

From this reading “"When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.”

excel verb US /ɪkˈsel/

distinguish oneself

From this reading “If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."”

incentive noun US /ˌɪnˈsentɪv/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading “If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."”

proportionate adjective US /prəˈpɔːrʃənət/

being in due proportion

From this reading “"When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.”

ratio noun US /ˈreɪʃioʊ/

the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)

From this reading “It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.”

stability noun US /stəˈbɪlɪti/

the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast

From this reading “It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.”

surmount verb US /sərˈmaʊnt/

get on top of; deal with successfully

From this reading “If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

certain sum adjective + noun

In this reading “It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.”

take away verb + particle

remove from a certain place, environment, or mental or emotional state; transport into a new location or state

In this reading “If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

accumulateverbUS /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/

get or gather together

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

appropriatedverbUS /əˈproʊprieɪtɪd/

past form of “appropriate” — give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.

brainsnounUS /breɪnz/

plural of “brain” — that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

confiscateverbUS /ˈkɑːnfəskeɪt/

take temporary possession of as a security, by legal authority

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

depriveverbUS /dɪˈpraɪv/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

enterprisenounUS /ˈentərpraɪz/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

excelverbUS /ɪkˈsel/

distinguish oneself

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.

fruitsnounUS /fruːts/

plural of “fruit” — the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

HowardnounUS /ˈhaʊərd/

English actor of stage and screen (1893-1943)

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

incentivenounUS /ˌɪnˈsentɪv/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

increasenounUS /ˌɪnˈkriːs/

a quantity that is added

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

it's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

obstaclesnounUS /ˈɑːbstəkəlz/

plural of “obstacle” — something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

proportionateadjectiveUS /prəˈpɔːrʃənət/

being in due proportion

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

rationounUS /ˈreɪʃioʊ/

the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.

stabilitynounUS /stəˈbɪlɪti/

the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast

From this reading It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

surmountverbUS /sərˈmaʊnt/

get on top of; deal with successfully

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

taxverbUS /tæks/

levy a tax on

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading If you deprive men of the right to accumulate and to leave to their children the full fruits of their industry and brains, you take away the great incentive to surmount obstacles and to excel."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

wedgenounUS /wedʒ/

any shape that is triangular in cross section

From this reading "I object to the principle; it's an entering wedge," continued Mr. Howard.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It is only another step to make the ratio of increase such that after a certain sum all will be appropriated by the state.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It would be a blow at individual enterprise, and so at the stability of the family.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading "When you say that because I leave a larger estate than you, my estate shall pay a larger proportionate tax than yours, you confiscate property.

Chapter 16 of The Undercurrent by Robert Grant holds 409 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Undercurrent contain?

Chapter 16 holds 409 sentences of The Undercurrent, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Undercurrent by Robert Grant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 409 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Undercurrent?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Undercurrent

Common questions about reading The Undercurrent by Robert Grant on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Undercurrent?

Yes. All 6580 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56310 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Undercurrent is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56310, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Undercurrent take to read?

About 548 minutes of reading across 1316 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Undercurrent section by section

How to work through The Undercurrent section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Undercurrent

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Undercurrent, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lover
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undercurrent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beside
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undercurrent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Suggesting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undercurrent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Escort
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Undercurrent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.