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The underworld
The underworld

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The underworld is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.
Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.
"What way are you breakin' my rate?" he asked, when Walker told him of the reduction.
"Oh, it's no' me," replied Walker.
"It's Rundell.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The underworld

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The underworld is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.
Line 2
Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.
/ˈdʒiːərdi hæd ˈɔːlweɪz hæd ɪt ɪn hɪz hed tuː kənˈfrʌnt ˈwɔːkər əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈveri ənˈfer ˈtriːtmənt ʌv hɪm ənd ɑːn ðɪs əˈkeɪʒən hiː ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tuː duː soʊ/
Line 3
"What way are you breakin' my rate?" he asked, when Walker told him of the reduction.
Line 4
"Oh, it's no' me," replied Walker.
Line 5
"It's Rundell.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

confront verb US /kənˈfrʌnt/

oppose, as in hostility or a competition

From this reading “Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.”

Geordie noun US /ˈdʒiːərdi/

a native of Newcastle-upon-Tyne

From this reading “BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.”

intimated verb US /ˈɪntəmeɪtɪd/

past form of “intimate” — give to understand

From this reading “BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.”

reduction noun US /rəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of decreasing or reducing something

From this reading “BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.”

Sinclair noun US /sɪnˈkler/

United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968)

From this reading “BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.”

ton noun US /tʌn/

a United States unit of weight equivalent to 2000 pounds

From this reading “BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.”

unfair adjective US /ənˈfer/

not fair; marked by injustice or partiality or deception

From this reading “Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.”

wage noun US /weɪdʒ/

something that remunerates

From this reading “BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "What way are you breakin' my rate?" he asked, when Walker told him of the reduction.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading "What way are you breakin' my rate?" he asked, when Walker told him of the reduction.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

BLACKadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

breakin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "What way are you breakin' my rate?" he asked, when Walker told him of the reduction.

confrontverbUS /kənˈfrʌnt/

oppose, as in hostility or a competition

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

decentadjectiveUS /ˈdiːsənt/

socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

earnverbUS /ɜːrn/

earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

GeordienounUS /ˈdʒiːərdi/

a native of Newcastle-upon-Tyne

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

imposedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzd/

set forth authoritatively as obligatory

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

intimatedverbUS /ˈɪntəmeɪtɪd/

past form of “intimate” — give to understand

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

it's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Oh, it's no' me," replied Walker.

JOCK'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Oh, it's no' me," replied Walker.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "What way are you breakin' my rate?" he asked, when Walker told him of the reduction.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "Oh, it's no' me," replied Walker.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

OhnounUS /oʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading "Oh, it's no' me," replied Walker.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

ratenounUS /reɪt/

a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

reductionnounUS /rəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of decreasing or reducing something

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading "Oh, it's no' me," replied Walker.

Rundell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "It's Rundell.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

SinclairnounUS /sɪnˈkler/

United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968)

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "What way are you breakin' my rate?" he asked, when Walker told him of the reduction.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

THREATnounUS /θret/

something that is a source of danger

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading "What way are you breakin' my rate?" he asked, when Walker told him of the reduction.

tonnounUS /tʌn/

a United States unit of weight equivalent to 2000 pounds

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

undergroundadjectiveUS /ˈʌndərɡraʊnd/

under the level of the ground

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

unfairadjectiveUS /ənˈfer/

not fair; marked by injustice or partiality or deception

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Geordie had always had it in his head to confront Walker about his very unfair treatment of him, and on this occasion he decided to do so.

wagenounUS /weɪdʒ/

something that remunerates

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

WalkernounUS /ˈwɔːkər/

New Zealand runner who in 1975 became the first person to run a mile in less that 3 minutes and 50 seconds (born in 1952)

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading "What way are you breakin' my rate?" he asked, when Walker told him of the reduction.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "What way are you breakin' my rate?" he asked, when Walker told him of the reduction.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading BLACK JOCK'S THREAT That same day Walker intimated to Geordie, when he was at work underground, that a reduction was to be imposed on his ton rate, which meant for Sinclair that it would be more difficult to earn a decent wage.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "What way are you breakin' my rate?" he asked, when Walker told him of the reduction.

Chapter 4 of The underworld by James C. Welsh holds 152 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The underworld contain?

Chapter 4 holds 152 sentences of The underworld, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The underworld by James C. Welsh exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 152 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The underworld?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The underworld

Common questions about reading The underworld by James C. Welsh on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The underworld?

Yes. All 4376 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15503 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The underworld is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15503, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The underworld take to read?

About 364 minutes of reading across 876 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The underworld section by section

How to work through The underworld section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The underworld to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The underworld

Words and structures a reader meets early in The underworld, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friday
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Following
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walker's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.