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The underworld
The underworld

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The underworld is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.
One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.
It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.
In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.
He was always thoughtful, and planned to save her worry.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The underworld

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The underworld is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.
/ðə ˈraɪvəlz eɪt jɪrz pæst ənd ˈrɑːbərt ɡruː ˈɪntuː jʌŋ ˈmænhʊd/
Line 2
One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.
/wʌn ʌv hɪz ˈjʌŋɡər ˈbrʌðərz hæd dʒɔɪnd hɪm ənd ˈændruː ˈmɑːrʃəl ɪn ðə ˈpɑːrtnərʃɪp/
Line 3
It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.
/ɪt hæd bɪn ə lɔːŋ stɪf ˈstrʌɡəl ənd hɪz ˈmʌðər nuː ɔːl ðə ˈhɑːrdnəs ənd ˈkruːlti ʌv ɪt/
Line 4
In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.
/ɪn ˈæftər jɪrz ˈrɑːbərt lʌvd hɪz ˈmʌðər mɔːr fɔːr ðə faɪt ʃiː pʊt ʌp ðoʊ ɪt ˈnevər siːmd tuː hɪm ðæt hiː hɪmˈself hæd dʌn ˈeniθɪŋ ˌekstrəˈɔːrdəneri/
Line 5
He was always thoughtful, and planned to save her worry.
/hiː wɑːz ˈɔːlweɪz ˈθɔːtfəl ənd plænd tuː seɪv hɜːr ˈwɜːri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cruelty noun US /ˈkruːlti/

a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering

From this reading “It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.”

hardness noun US /ˈhɑːrdnəs/

the property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched; measured on Mohs scale

From this reading “It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.”

manhood noun US /ˈmænhʊd/

the state of being a man; manly qualities

From this reading “THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.”

Marshall noun US /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

United States actor (1914-1998)

From this reading “One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.”

partnership noun US /ˈpɑːrtnərʃɪp/

the members of a business venture created by contract

From this reading “One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.”

planned adjective US /plænd/

designed or carried out according to a plan

From this reading “He was always thoughtful, and planned to save her worry.”

rivals noun US /ˈraɪvəlz/

plural of “rival” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading “THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.”

thoughtful adjective US /ˈθɔːtfəl/

having intellectual depth

From this reading “He was always thoughtful, and planned to save her worry.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He was always thoughtful, and planned to save her worry.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.

AndrewnounUS /ˈændruː/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

crueltynounUS /ˈkruːlti/

a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering

From this reading It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

EightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.

extraordinaryadjectiveUS /ˌekstrəˈɔːrdəneri/

beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

hardnessnounUS /ˈhɑːrdnəs/

the property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched; measured on Mohs scale

From this reading It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He was always thoughtful, and planned to save her worry.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

manhoodnounUS /ˈmænhʊd/

the state of being a man; manly qualities

From this reading THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.

MarshallnounUS /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

United States actor (1914-1998)

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

partnershipnounUS /ˈpɑːrtnərʃɪp/

the members of a business venture created by contract

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.

plannedadjectiveUS /plænd/

designed or carried out according to a plan

From this reading He was always thoughtful, and planned to save her worry.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

RIVALSnounUS /ˈraɪvəlz/

plural of “rival” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading He was always thoughtful, and planned to save her worry.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

stiffadjectiveUS /stɪf/

not moving or operating freely

From this reading It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading It had been a long, stiff struggle, and his mother knew all the hardness and cruelty of it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

thoughtfuladjectiveUS /ˈθɔːtfəl/

having intellectual depth

From this reading He was always thoughtful, and planned to save her worry.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading In after years Robert loved his mother more for the fight she put up, though it never seemed to him that he himself had done anything extraordinary.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was always thoughtful, and planned to save her worry.

worryverbUS /ˈwɜːri/

be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy

From this reading He was always thoughtful, and planned to save her worry.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading THE RIVALS Eight years passed, and Robert grew into young manhood.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading One of his younger brothers had joined him and Andrew Marshall in the partnership.

Chapter 11 of The underworld by James C. Welsh holds 164 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The underworld contain?

Chapter 11 holds 164 sentences of The underworld, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The underworld by James C. Welsh exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 164 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The underworld?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The underworld

Common questions about reading The underworld by James C. Welsh on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The underworld?

Yes. All 4376 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15503 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The underworld is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15503, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The underworld take to read?

About 364 minutes of reading across 876 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The underworld section by section

How to work through The underworld section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The underworld to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The underworld

Words and structures a reader meets early in The underworld, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friday
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Following
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walker's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.