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The Up Grade
The Up Grade

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Up Grade is here in full — 269 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/53 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
During his convalescence, Stephen had many callers.
Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.
At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.
From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.
McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Up Grade

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Up Grade is here in full — 269 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
During his convalescence, Stephen had many callers.
/ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˌkɑːnvəˈlesəns ˈstiːvən hæd ˈmeni ˈkɔːlərz/
Line 2
Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.
Line 3
At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.
Line 4
From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.
Line 5
McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alternated verb US /ˈɔːltərneɪtɪd/

past form of “alternate” — go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions

From this reading “McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.”

callers noun US /ˈkɔːlərz/

plural of “caller” — a social or business visitor

From this reading “During his convalescence, Stephen had many callers.”

convalescence noun US /ˌkɑːnvəˈlesəns/

gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury

From this reading “During his convalescence, Stephen had many callers.”

efficiently adverb US /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/

with efficiency; in an efficient manner

From this reading “Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.”

foremen noun US /ˈfɔːrmən/

plural of “foreman” — a person who exercises control over workers

From this reading “From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.”

jerky adjective US /ˈdʒɜːrki/

lacking a steady rhythm

From this reading “McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.”

self-interest noun US /ˈselˈfɪntrəst/

taking advantage of opportunities without regard for the consequences for others

From this reading “From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.”

stubby adjective US /ˈstʌbi/

short and blunt

From this reading “McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wide range adjective + noun

In this reading “From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.”

black pipe adjective + noun

In this reading “McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

alternatedverbUS /ˈɔːltərneɪtɪd/

past form of “alternate” — go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

brisklyadverbUS /ˈbrɪskli/

in a brisk manner

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

callersnounUS /ˈkɔːlərz/

plural of “caller” — a social or business visitor

From this reading During his convalescence, Stephen had many callers.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

Cameron

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

characterizedverbUS /ˈkerəktəraɪzd/

past form of “characterize” — describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

combinedadjectiveUS /kəmˈbaɪnd/

made or joined or united into one

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

convalescencenounUS /ˌkɑːnvəˈlesəns/

gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury

From this reading During his convalescence, Stephen had many callers.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

discussverbUS /dɪˈskʌs/

to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

drollness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

droppedverbUS /drɑːpt/

inflected form of “drop” — let fall to the ground

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During his convalescence, Stephen had many callers.

efficientlyadverbUS /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/

with efficiency; in an efficient manner

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

experiencesnounUS /ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz/

plural of “experience” — the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

foremennounUS /ˈfɔːrmən/

plural of “foreman” — a person who exercises control over workers

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

gratitudenounUS /ˈɡrætətuːd/

a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading During his convalescence, Stephen had many callers.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading During his convalescence, Stephen had many callers.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

jerkyadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɜːrki/

lacking a steady rhythm

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

kindnessnounUS /ˈkaɪndnəs/

the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

Loring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading During his convalescence, Stephen had many callers.

McKay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

motivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

pipenounUS /paɪp/

a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

puffsnounUS /pʌfs/

plural of “puff” — a short light gust of air

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

repeatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈpiːtɪd/

recurring again and again

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

self-interestnounUS /ˈselˈfɪntrəst/

taking advantage of opportunities without regard for the consequences for others

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

sentencesnounUS /ˈsentənsəz/

plural of “sentence” — a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

StephennounUS /ˈstiːvən/

English writer (1832-1904)

From this reading During his convalescence, Stephen had many callers.

stubbyadjectiveUS /ˈstʌbi/

short and blunt

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

veinnounUS /veɪn/

a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Mr. Cameron paid him a short visit, and briskly and efficiently expressed his gratitude.

visitsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At least this was the way in which Loring characterized it to himself, after his departure.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading From motives of kindness, most of the foremen and men from the office force came in to see him; from motives of self-interest, the visits were generally repeated, for Loring combined a drollness, a vein of narrative, and a wide range of experiences.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading McKay was one of those who dropped in frequently to discuss the affairs of the camp in short, jerky sentences, which alternated with the puffs from his stubby black pipe.

Chapter 4 of The Up Grade by Wilder Goodwin holds 269 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Up Grade contain?

Chapter 4 holds 269 sentences of The Up Grade, unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Up Grade by Wilder Goodwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 269 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Up Grade?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Up Grade

Common questions about reading The Up Grade by Wilder Goodwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Up Grade?

Yes. All 4005 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60010 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Up Grade is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60010, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Up Grade take to read?

About 333 minutes of reading across 801 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Up Grade section by section

How to work through The Up Grade section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of The Up Grade to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Up Grade

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Up Grade, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stephen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Up Grade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Loring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Up Grade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sidewalk
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Up Grade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gutter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Up Grade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.