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The Vale of Cedars
The Vale of Cedars

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Vale of Cedars is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?
It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.
CHARLES SWAIN.
Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.
Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Vale of Cedars

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Vale of Cedars is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?
/lɪst hiːr jiː θruː ðə stɪl ənd ˈloʊnli naɪt ðə ˈdɪstənt hɪm ʌv ˈmɔːrnfəl ˈvɔɪsəz roʊl ˈsɑːləm ənd loʊ/
Line 2
It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.
Line 3
CHARLES SWAIN.
/tʃɑːrlz sweɪn/
Line 4
Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.
/speɪn hæz ˈɔːfən bɪn rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd æz æn ˈæbsəluːt ˈmɑːnɑːrki æn əˈpɪnjən noʊ daʊt ˈfaʊndɪd ɑːn ðə ˈæbsəluːt ˈmeʒərz ʌv hɜːr ˈleɪtər ˈsɑːvrənz/
Line 5
Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.
/ˈfɜːrdɪnænd ənd ˌɪzəˈbelə ˈsɜːrtənli leɪd ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən ʌv ðə ˈrɔɪəl prɪˈrɑːɡətɪv baɪ ðə ˈfɜːrmnəs ənd əˈbɪlətiː wɪð wɪtʃ ðeɪ dɪˈkriːst ðə ˈpaʊər ʌv ðə ˈnoʊbəlz huː ənˈtɪl ðer reɪn hæd bɪn laɪk soʊ ˈmeni ˈpetiː ˈsɑːvrənz iːtʃ wɪð hɪz ˌɪndɪˈpendənt steɪt ənd prəˈzɜːrvɪŋ hɪz əˈθɔːrəti baɪ ðə sɔːrd əˈloʊn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

decreased adjective US /dɪˈkriːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading “Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.”

knoll noun US /noʊl/

a small natural hill

From this reading “It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.”

monarchy noun US /ˈmɑːnɑːrki/

an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority

From this reading “Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.”

prerogative noun US /prɪˈrɑːɡətɪv/

a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right)

From this reading “Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.”

preserving verb US /prəˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

-ing form of “preserve” — keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading “Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.”

rite noun US /raɪt/

an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading “It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.”

swain noun US /sweɪn/

a man who is the lover of a man or woman

From this reading “CHARLES SWAIN.”

wakes noun US /weɪks/

plural of “wake” — the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event)

From this reading “It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

abilitynounUS /əˈbɪlətiː/

the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

absoluteadjectiveUS /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

bellnounUS /bel/

a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

burialnounUS /ˈberiəl/

the ritual placing of a corpse in a grave

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

CHARLESnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading CHARLES SWAIN.

decreasedadjectiveUS /dɪˈkriːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

FerdinandnounUS /ˈfɜːrdɪnænd/

the king of Castile and Aragon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

firmnessnounUS /ˈfɜːrmnəs/

the muscle tone of healthy tissue

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

foundationnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

foundedverbUS /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

hymnnounUS /hɪm/

a song of praise (to God or to a saint or to a nation)

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

independentadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/

free from external control and constraint

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

IsabellanounUS /ˌɪzəˈbelə/

the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

knollnounUS /noʊl/

a small natural hill

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

ling'ring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

ListverbUS /lɪst/

give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

measuresnounUS /ˈmeʒərz/

plural of “measure” — any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

monarchynounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrki/

an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

mournfuladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrnfəl/

expressing sorrow

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

pettyadjectiveUS /ˈpetiː/

inferior in rank or status

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

prerogativenounUS /prɪˈrɑːɡətɪv/

a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right)

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

preservingverbUS /prəˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

-ing form of “preserve” — keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

ritenounUS /raɪt/

an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

rollverbUS /roʊl/

move by turning over or rotating

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

sadnessnounUS /ˈsædnəs/

emotions experienced when not in a state of well-being

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

sinksnounUS /sɪŋks/

plural of “sink” — plumbing fixture consisting of a water basin fixed to a wall or floor and having a drainpipe

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

SolemnadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləm/

dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

sovereignsnounUS /ˈsɑːvrənz/

plural of “sovereign” — a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Spain has often been regarded as an absolute monarchy; an opinion, no doubt, founded on the absolute measures of her later sovereigns.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

SWAINnounUS /sweɪn/

a man who is the lover of a man or woman

From this reading CHARLES SWAIN.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

voicesnounUS /ˈvɔɪsəz/

plural of “voice” — the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

wakesnounUS /weɪks/

plural of “wake” — the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event)

From this reading It is the burial rite; How deep its sadness sinks into the soul, As slow the passing bell wakes its far ling'ring knoll.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Ferdinand and Isabella certainly laid the foundation of the royal prerogative by the firmness and ability with which they decreased the power of the nobles, who, until their reign, had been like so many petty sovereigns, each with his independent state, and preserving his authority by the sword alone.

yepronounUS /jiː/

an old word for “you”, speaking to more than one person

From this reading List! hear ye, through the still and lonely night, The distant hymn of mournful voices roll Solemn and low?

Chapter 16 of The Vale of Cedars by Grace Aguilar holds 56 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Vale of Cedars contain?

Chapter 16 holds 56 sentences of The Vale of Cedars, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Vale of Cedars by Grace Aguilar exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 56 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Vale of Cedars?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Vale of Cedars

Common questions about reading The Vale of Cedars by Grace Aguilar on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Vale of Cedars?

Yes. All 3335 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12725 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Vale of Cedars is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12725, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Vale of Cedars take to read?

About 277 minutes of reading across 667 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Vale of Cedars section by section

How to work through The Vale of Cedars section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of The Vale of Cedars to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Vale of Cedars

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Vale of Cedars, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Parted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vale of Cedars; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Closed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vale of Cedars; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Again
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vale of Cedars; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Leaving
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vale of Cedars; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.