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The Valiant Runaways
The Valiant Runaways

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Valiant Runaways is here in full — 395 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Valiant Runaways
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.
There was nothing in the surroundings to indicate the cause of his disturbance.
The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.
On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.
The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Valiant Runaways

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Valiant Runaways is here in full — 395 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.
Line 2
There was nothing in the surroundings to indicate the cause of his disturbance.
/ðer wɑːz ˈnʌθɪŋ ɪn ðə sərˈaʊndɪŋz tuː ˈɪndəkeɪt ðə kɑːz ʌv hɪz dɪˈstɜːrbəns/
Line 3
The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.
Line 4
On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.
Line 5
The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adobe noun US /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading “The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.”

clank verb US /klæŋk/

make a clank

From this reading “The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.”

grazed adjective US /ɡreɪzd/

scraped or touched lightly in passing

From this reading “The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.”

scowling adjective US /ˈskaʊlɪŋ/

sullen or unfriendly in appearance

From this reading “Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.”

sombrero noun US /sɑːmˈbreroʊ/

one of the islands of Saint Christopher-Nevis

From this reading “Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.”

thumbs noun US /θʌmz/

plural of “thumb” — the thick short innermost digit of the forelimb

From this reading “Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.”

tiles noun US /taɪlz/

plural of “tile” — a flat thin rectangular slab (as of fired clay or rubber or linoleum) used to cover surfaces

From this reading “The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.”

wealthiest adjective US /ˈwelθiəst/

superlative of “wealthy” — having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading “On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

adobenounUS /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

boundarynounUS /ˈbaʊn.də.ri/

A line that marks the limits of an area.

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

Californias

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

cambricnoun

a finely woven white linen

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

Castanada

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading There was nothing in the surroundings to indicate the cause of his disturbance.

clankverbUS /klæŋk/

make a clank

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

cleftnounUS /kleft/

a split or indentation in something (as the palate or chin)

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

curlyadjectiveUS /ˈkɜːrli/

(of hair) having curls or waves

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

disturbancenounUS /dɪˈstɜːrbəns/

activity that is a malfunction, intrusion, or interruption

From this reading There was nothing in the surroundings to indicate the cause of his disturbance.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

excitedlyadverbUS /ɪkˈsaɪtədli/

with excitement; in an excited manner

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

flushedadjectiveUS /flʌʃt/

having the pinkish flush of health

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

gallopverbUS /ˈɡæləp/

ride at a galloping pace

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

glaringadjectiveUS /ˈɡlerɪŋ/

shining intensely

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

grandees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

grazedadjectiveUS /ɡreɪzd/

scraped or touched lightly in passing

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

greyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

horizonnounUS /hərˈaɪzən/

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

impatientlyadverbUS /ˌɪmˈpeɪʃəntli/

with impatience; in an impatient manner

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There was nothing in the surroundings to indicate the cause of his disturbance.

indicateverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading There was nothing in the surroundings to indicate the cause of his disturbance.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

knottedadjectiveUS /ˈnɑːtɪd/

tied with a knot

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

Los

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

Mateo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

mid-ocean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading There was nothing in the surroundings to indicate the cause of his disturbance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

Palos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

pavementnounUS /ˈpeɪvmənt/

the paved surface of a thoroughfare

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

possessionsnounUS /pəˈzeʃənz/

plural of “possession” — the act of having and controlling property

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

pulledverbUS /pʊld/

past form of “pull” — cause to move by pulling

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

Rancho

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

rapidadjectiveUS /ˈræpəd/

done or occurring in a brief period of time

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

Roldan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

sashnounUS /sæʃ/

a framework that holds the panes of a window in the window frame

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

scowlingadjectiveUS /ˈskaʊlɪŋ/

sullen or unfriendly in appearance

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

shirtnounUS /ʃɜːrt/

a garment worn on the upper half of the body

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

silknounUS /sɪlk/

a fabric made from the fine threads produced by certain insect larvae

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

sombreronounUS /sɑːmˈbreroʊ/

one of the islands of Saint Christopher-Nevis

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

spursnounUS /spɜːrz/

plural of “spur” — a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

surroundingsnounUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋz/

the environmental condition

From this reading There was nothing in the surroundings to indicate the cause of his disturbance.

sweepverbUS /swiːp/

sweep across or over

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was nothing in the surroundings to indicate the cause of his disturbance.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

throatnounUS /θroʊt/

The passage at the back of the mouth.

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

thrustverbUS /θrʌst/

push forcefully

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

thumbsnounUS /θʌmz/

plural of “thumb” — the thick short innermost digit of the forelimb

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

tilesnounUS /taɪlz/

plural of “tile” — a flat thin rectangular slab (as of fired clay or rubber or linoleum) used to cover surfaces

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There was nothing in the surroundings to indicate the cause of his disturbance.

tombnounUS /tuːm/

a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

trampingverbUS /ˈtræmpɪŋ/

-ing form of “tramp” — travel on foot, especially on a walking expedition

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

verandahnoun

a porch along the outside of a building (sometimes partly enclosed)

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

Verdes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

waistnounUS /weɪst/

the narrowing of the body between the ribs and hips

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

wealthiestadjectiveUS /ˈwelθiəst/

superlative of “wealthy” — having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Roldan Castanada walked excitedly up and down the verandah of his father's house, his thumbs thrust into the red silk sash that was knotted about his waist, his cambric shirt open at the throat as if pulled impatiently apart; the soft grey sombrero on the back of his curly head making a wide frame for his dark, flushed, scowling face.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading On all sides the vast Rancho Los Palos Verdes cleft the horizon: Don Mateo Castanada was one of the wealthiest grandees in the Californias, and his sons could gallop all day without crossing the boundary line of their future possessions.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading The rancho was as level as mid-ocean in a calm; here and there a wood or river broke the sweep; thousands of cattle grazed.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The great adobe house, its white sides and red tiles glaring in the bright December sun, would have been as silent as a tomb but for the rapid tramping of Roldan and the clank of his silver spurs on the pavement.

Chapter 1 of The Valiant Runaways by Gertrude Franklin Horn Atherton holds 395 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Valiant Runaways contain?

Chapter 1 holds 395 sentences of The Valiant Runaways, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Valiant Runaways by Gertrude Franklin Horn Atherton exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 395 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Valiant Runaways?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Valiant Runaways

Common questions about reading The Valiant Runaways by Gertrude Franklin Horn Atherton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Valiant Runaways?

Yes. All 3249 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3706 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Valiant Runaways is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3706, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Valiant Runaways take to read?

About 270 minutes of reading across 650 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Valiant Runaways section by section

How to work through The Valiant Runaways section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Valiant Runaways to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Valiant Runaways

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Valiant Runaways, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Roldan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Valiant Runaways; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Castanada
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Valiant Runaways; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walked
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Valiant Runaways; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Excitedly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Valiant Runaways; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.