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The Valley of the Giants
The Valley of the Giants

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Valley of the Giants is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Valley of the Giants
Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.
That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.
That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.
Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”
He was taking John Cardigan up the riverbank and explaining the situation.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Valley of the Giants

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Valley of the Giants is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.
Line 2
That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.
Line 3
That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.
Line 4
Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”
Line 5
He was taking John Cardigan up the riverbank and explaining the situation.
/hiː wɑːz ˈteɪkɪŋ dʒɑːn ˈkɑːrdɪɡən ʌp ðə ˈrɪvərbæŋk ənd ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðə ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cardigan noun US /ˈkɑːrdɪɡən/

knitted jacket that is fastened up the front with buttons or a zipper

From this reading “No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.”

erred verb US /erd/

past form of “err” — to make a mistake or be incorrect

From this reading “No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.”

logging noun US /ˈlɔːɡɪŋ/

the work of cutting down trees for timber

From this reading “No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.”

rainfall noun US /ˈreɪnfɔːl/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading “That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.”

riverbank noun US /ˈrɪvərbæŋk/

the bank of a river

From this reading “He was taking John Cardigan up the riverbank and explaining the situation.”

sawed verb US /sɔːd/

past form of “saw” — cut with a saw

From this reading “That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.”

tidewater noun US /ˈtaɪdwɔːtər/

low-lying coastal land drained by tidal streams

From this reading “That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.”

watershed noun US /ˈwɔːtərʃed/

a ridge of land that separates two adjacent river systems

From this reading “No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

adjacentadjectiveUS /əˈdʒeɪsənt/

nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

boomverbUS /buːm/

make a resonant sound, like artillery

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

CardigannounUS /ˈkɑːrdɪɡən/

knitted jacket that is fastened up the front with buttons or a zipper

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

Cardigan's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

centnounUS /sent/

a fractional monetary unit of several countries

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

choppings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

complainedverbUS /kəmˈpleɪnd/

past form of “complain” — express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

CreeknounUS /kriːk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

dinna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

erredverbUS /erd/

past form of “err” — to make a mistake or be incorrect

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

explainingverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading He was taking John Cardigan up the riverbank and explaining the situation.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

ginoun

a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

Hedrin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

I'm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

infallibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfæləbəl/

incapable of failure or error

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

loggingnounUS /ˈlɔːɡɪŋ/

the work of cutting down trees for timber

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

logsnounUS /lɔːɡz/

plural of “log” — a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

Lord'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

McTavish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

millverbUS /mɪl/

move about in a confused manner

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

millionnounUS /ˈmɪljən/

the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

normaladjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrməl/

conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm; not abnormal

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

operationsnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz/

financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

planningnounUS /ˈplænɪŋ/

an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

presentlyadverbUS /ˈprezəntli/

in the near future

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

rainfallnounUS /ˈreɪnfɔːl/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

reservenounUS /rɪˈzɜːrv/

formality and propriety of manner

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

riverbanknounUS /ˈrɪvərbæŋk/

the bank of a river

From this reading He was taking John Cardigan up the riverbank and explaining the situation.

runnin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

San

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

sawedverbUS /sɔːd/

past form of “saw” — cut with a saw

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading He was taking John Cardigan up the riverbank and explaining the situation.

slightlyadverbUS /ˈslaɪtli/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

Squawnoun

derogatory terms for an American Indian woman

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading He was taking John Cardigan up the riverbank and explaining the situation.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

tidewaternounUS /ˈtaɪdwɔːtər/

low-lying coastal land drained by tidal streams

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

UnlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He was taking John Cardigan up the riverbank and explaining the situation.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

watershednounUS /ˈwɔːtərʃed/

a ridge of land that separates two adjacent river systems

From this reading No man is infallible, and in planning his logging operations in the San Hedrin watershed, John Cardigan presently made the discovery that he had erred in judgment.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

woods-boss

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Unless the Lord'll gi' us a lot more water in the river,” the woods-boss McTavish complained, “I dinna see how I'm to keep the mill runnin'.”

woods-crew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That season, from May to November, his woods-crew put thirty million feet of logs into the San Hedrin River, while the mill sawed on a reserve supply of logs taken from the last of the old choppings adjacent to Squaw Creek.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading That year, however, the rainfall in the San Hedrin country was fifty per cent. less than normal, and by the first of May of the following year Cardigan's woods-crew had succeeded in driving slightly less than half of the cut of the preceding year to the boom on tidewater at the mouth of the river.

Chapter 4 of The Valley of the Giants by Peter B. (Peter Bernard) Kyne holds 22 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Valley of the Giants contain?

Chapter 4 holds 22 sentences of The Valley of the Giants, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Valley of the Giants by Peter B. (Peter Bernard) Kyne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 22 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Valley of the Giants?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Valley of the Giants

Common questions about reading The Valley of the Giants by Peter B. (Peter Bernard) Kyne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Valley of the Giants?

Yes. All 6085 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5735 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Valley of the Giants is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5735, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Valley of the Giants take to read?

About 507 minutes of reading across 1217 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Valley of the Giants section by section

How to work through The Valley of the Giants section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Valley of the Giants to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Valley of the Giants

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Valley of the Giants, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cardigan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Valley of the Giants; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dream
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Valley of the Giants; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dreamed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Valley of the Giants; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Worked
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Valley of the Giants; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.