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The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two
The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is here in full — 285 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 10/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.
The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.
For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.
Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.
Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is here in full — 285 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 10/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 46–50

Line 1
The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.
Line 2
The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.
/ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt truːθs ɑːr ðoʊz wɪtʃ hæv bɪn noʊn fɔːr ə ˈveri lɔːŋ taɪm/
Line 3
For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.
/fɔːr ðæt ˈveri ˈriːzən ðeɪ tend tuː biː ˌɪɡˈnɔːrd ɔːr ˈslaɪtɪd ənˈles ðeɪ ɑːr riˈsteɪtɪd ɪn sʌtʃ ə weɪ æz tuː ərˈest əˈtenʃən waɪl ðeɪ kəmˈpel əˈsent/
Line 4
Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.
/hens ðə best ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪz ðæt wɪtʃ moʊst səkˈsesfəli riˈzɑːlvz ðə ˈperədɑːks ʌv kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈʃɑːrpəst sərˈpraɪz wɪð ðə ˈwaɪdəst ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən/
Line 5
Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attainment noun US /əˈteɪnmənt/

the act of achieving an aim

From this reading “Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.”

combining noun US /kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ/

an occurrence that results in things being united

From this reading “Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.”

platitude noun US /ˈplætɪtuːd/

a trite or obvious remark

From this reading “Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.”

resolves noun US /riˈzɑːlvz/

plural of “resolve” — the trait of being resolute

From this reading “Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.”

restated verb US /riˈsteɪtɪd/

past form of “restate” — to say, state, or perform again

From this reading “For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.”

sharpest adjective US /ˈʃɑːrpəst/

superlative of “sharp” — (of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading “Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.”

subscribed adjective US /səbˈskraɪbd/

(of a contract or will or other document) having a signature written at the end

From this reading “Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.”

widest adjective US /ˈwaɪdəst/

superlative of “wide” — having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading “Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.

accumulatedadjectiveUS /əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪd/

periodically accumulated over time

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

arrestverbUS /ərˈest/

take into custody

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

assentnounUS /əˈsent/

agreement with a statement or proposal to do something

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

attainmentnounUS /əˈteɪnmənt/

the act of achieving an aim

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

combiningnounUS /kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ/

an occurrence that results in things being united

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

compelverbUS /kəmˈpel/

force somebody to do something

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

conclusionsnounUS /kənˈkluːʒənz/

plural of “conclusion” — a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

confrontverbUS /kənˈfrʌnt/

oppose, as in hostility or a competition

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

countlessadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊntləs/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

easieradjectiveUS /ˈiːziər/

comparative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

facedadjectiveUS /feɪst/

having a face or facing especially of a specified kind or number; often used in combination

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.

goalnounUS /ɡoʊl/

the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

helpfuladjectiveUS /ˈhelpfəl/

providing assistance or serving a useful function

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

HenceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

idealadjectiveUS /aɪˈdiːl/

conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence; embodying an ideal

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

ignoredadjectiveUS /ˌɪɡˈnɔːrd/

disregarded

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

inevitablyadverbUS /ˌɪˈnevətəbli/

in such a manner as could not be otherwise

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.

noveltynounUS /ˈnɑːvəlti/

originality by virtue of being refreshingly novel

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

paradoxnounUS /ˈperədɑːks/

(logic) a statement that contradicts itself

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

platitudenounUS /ˈplætɪtuːd/

a trite or obvious remark

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

predecessorsnounUS /ˈpredəsesərz/

plural of “predecessor” — one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office)

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

problemsnounUS /ˈprɑːbləmz/

plural of “problem” — a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

recognitionnounUS /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən/

the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

rejectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈdʒektɪd/

rebuffed (by a lover) without warning

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

resolvesnounUS /riˈzɑːlvz/

plural of “resolve” — the trait of being resolute

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

restatedverbUS /riˈsteɪtɪd/

past form of “restate” — to say, state, or perform again

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

sharpestadjectiveUS /ˈʃɑːrpəst/

superlative of “sharp” — (of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

slightedverbUS /ˈslaɪtɪd/

past form of “slight” — pay no attention to, disrespect

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

subscribedadjectiveUS /səbˈskraɪbd/

(of a contract or will or other document) having a signature written at the end

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

successfullyadverbUS /səkˈsesfəli/

with success; in a successful manner

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

tendverbUS /tend/

have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

truthsnounUS /truːθs/

plural of “truth” — a fact that has been verified

From this reading The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.

unleavenedadjective

made without leavening

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The most important truths are those which have been known for a very long time.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The problems of conduct that confront the living individual have been faced countless times by his predecessors, and the accumulated experience of mankind has arrived at conclusions which in the main are just and therefore helpful to-day.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading For that very reason they tend to be ignored or slighted unless they are restated in such a way as to arrest attention while they compel assent.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Such an ideal is so difficult of attainment that, inevitably, many who subscribed to it succeeded only in unleavened platitude and others rejected it for the easier goal of novelty.

widestadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪdəst/

superlative of “wide” — having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading Hence the best writing is that which most successfully resolves the paradox of combining the sharpest surprise with the widest recognition.

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson holds 285 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two contain?

Chapter 1 holds 285 sentences of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 285 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Common questions about reading The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two?

Yes. All 285 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13350 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13350, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two take to read?

About 23 minutes of reading across 57 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two section by section

How to work through The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vanity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wishes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.