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The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two
The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is here in full — 285 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two
Context Illustration Reading 11/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.
It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.
Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.
The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.
It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is here in full — 285 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 11/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 51–55

Line 1
In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.
/ɪn ðɪs moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt klæs ðə ˈvænəti ʌv ˈhjuːmən ˈwɪʃɪz hæz wʌn ə rɪˈspektəbəl pleɪs/
Line 2
It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.
Line 3
Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.
Line 4
The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.
Line 5
It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

civilizations noun US /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz/

plural of “civilization” — a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading “It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.”

emotional adjective US /ɪˈmoʊʃənəl/

determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason

From this reading “It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.”

Johnson's noun US /ˈdʒɑːnsənz/

possessive form of “johnson” — English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading “It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.”

pagan noun US /ˈpeɪɡən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading “It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.”

paraphrase noun US /ˈperəfreɪz/

rewording for the purpose of clarification

From this reading “Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.”

responses noun US /rɪˈspɑːnsɪz/

plural of “response” — a result

From this reading “It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.”

rooted adjective US /ˈruːtəd/

absolutely still

From this reading “It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.”

Satire noun US /ˈsætaɪər/

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading “Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

basedadjectiveUS /beɪst/

having a base

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

cargonounUS /ˈkɑːrɡoʊ/

goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

civilizationsnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz/

plural of “civilization” — a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

closeradverbUS /ˈkloʊsər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

deeplyadverbUS /ˈdiːpli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

doubleverbUS /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

Dryden's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

emotionaladjectiveUS /ɪˈmoʊʃənəl/

determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason

From this reading It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

freighted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

HumanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

Johnson'snounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsənz/

possessive form of “johnson” — English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.

Juvenal's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.

pagannounUS /ˈpeɪɡən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

paraphrasenounUS /ˈperəfreɪz/

rewording for the purpose of clarification

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

respectableadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektəbəl/

characterized by socially or conventionally acceptable morals

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

responsesnounUS /rɪˈspɑːnsɪz/

plural of “response” — a result

From this reading It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.

rootedadjectiveUS /ˈruːtəd/

absolutely still

From this reading It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.

SatirenounUS /ˈsætaɪər/

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

setsnounUS /sets/

plural of “set” — a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

sombreadjective

lacking brightness or color; dull

From this reading It is informed with Johnson's own sombre and most deeply rooted emotional responses to the meaning of experience.

tenthnounUS /tenθ/

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Although based upon Juvenal's tenth Satire, it is so free a paraphrase as to be an original poem.

VanitynounUS /ˈvænəti/

feelings of excessive pride

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

versionnounUS /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

weightnounUS /weɪt/

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The English reader who sets it against Dryden's closer version will sense immediately its greater weight.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

WishesnounUS /ˈwɪʃɪz/

plural of “wish” — a specific feeling of desire

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is freighted with a double cargo, the wisdom of two great civilizations, pagan and Christian.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading In this most difficult class _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ has won a respectable place.

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson holds 285 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two contain?

Chapter 1 holds 285 sentences of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 285 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Common questions about reading The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two?

Yes. All 285 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13350 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13350, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two take to read?

About 23 minutes of reading across 57 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two section by section

How to work through The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vanity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wishes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.