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The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two
The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is here in full — 285 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two
Context Illustration Reading 29/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.
Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.
But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.
From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?
From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is here in full — 285 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 29/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 141–145

Line 1
Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.
Line 2
Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.
Line 3
But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.
Line 4
From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?
Line 5
From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bier noun US /biːr/

a coffin along with its stand

From this reading “Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.”

chases noun US /ˈtʃeɪsəz/

plural of “chase” — the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading “Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.”

expires verb US /ɪkˈspaɪərz/

third-person singular of “expire” — lose validity

From this reading “From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.”

fable noun US /ˈfeɪbəl/

a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading “Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.”

lags noun US /læɡz/

plural of “lag” — the act of slowing down or falling behind

From this reading “Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.”

Prodigies noun US /ˈprɑːdədʒiz/

plural of “prodigy” — an unusually gifted or intelligent (young) person; someone whose talents excite wonder and admiration

From this reading “From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?”

pursues verb US /pərˈsuːz/

third-person singular of “pursue” — carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading “Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.”

Solon noun US /ˈsoʊlən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

afflictedadjectiveUS /əˈflɪktɪd/

grievously affected especially by disease

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

ariseverbUS /ərˈaɪz/

come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

awaitverbUS /əˈweɪt/

look forward to the probable occurrence of

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

bidsnounUS /bɪdz/

plural of “bid” — an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

BiernounUS /biːr/

a coffin along with its stand

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

BraveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

caution'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

chasesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪsəz/

plural of “chase” — the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

claimsnounUS /kleɪmz/

plural of “claim” — an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

DecaynounUS /dɪˈkeɪ/

the process of gradually becoming inferior

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

descendverbUS /dɪˈsend/

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

diff'rent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

Dotagenoun

mental infirmity as a consequence of old age; sometimes shown by foolish infatuations

From this reading From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.

Driv'ler

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.

dropsnounUS /drɑːps/

plural of “drop” — a shape that is spherical and small

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

EndnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

engageverbUS /enˈɡeɪdʒ/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

expiresverbUS /ɪkˈspaɪərz/

third-person singular of “expire” — lose validity

From this reading From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.

EyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.

fablenounUS /ˈfeɪbəl/

a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

FatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

FearsnounUS /fɪrz/

plural of “fear” — an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

fillsnounUS /fɪlz/

plural of “fill” — a quantity sufficient to satisfy

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

flownounUS /floʊ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.

FolliesnounUS /ˈfɑːliz/

a revue with elaborate costuming

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

FormsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

FriendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

Gulphs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

HoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

JoynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

KindredadjectiveUS /ˈkɪndrɪd/

similar in quality or character

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

laceratedadjective

irregularly slashed and jagged as if torn

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

lagsnounUS /læɡz/

plural of “lag” — the act of slowing down or falling behind

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

Life'snounUS /laɪfs/

possessive form of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

LydianounUS /ˈlɪdiə/

an ancient region on the coast of western Asia Minor; a powerful kingdom until conquered by the Persians in 546 BC

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

Marlb'rough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.

MeritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

MonarchnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrk/

a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

PeacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

pityingverbUS /ˈpɪtiɪŋ/

-ing form of “pity” — share the suffering of

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

ProdigiesnounUS /ˈprɑːdədʒiz/

plural of “prodigy” — an unusually gifted or intelligent (young) person; someone whose talents excite wonder and admiration

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

pursuesverbUS /pərˈsuːz/

third-person singular of “pursue” — carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

ReleaseverbUS /riˈliːs/

release, as from one's grip

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

retireverbUS /rɪˈtaɪr/

go into retirement; stop performing one's work or withdraw from one's position

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

ScenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

SearchverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

ShowverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

SolonnounUS /ˈsoʊlən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

StagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

StreamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.

SuperfluousadjectiveUS /ˈsuːpərflwʌs/

serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

SwiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading From _Marlb'rough_'s Eyes the Streams of Dotage flow, And _Swift_ expires a Driv'ler and a Show.

TearverbUS /ter/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Now Kindred Merit fills the fable Bier, Now lacerated Friendship claims a Tear.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

TillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

uncloudedadjective

(of sound or color) free from anything that dulls or dims

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

Vet'ran

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

ViewsnounUS /vjuːz/

plural of “view” — a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But few there are whom Hours like these await, Who set unclouded in the Gulphs of Fate.

WiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading From _Lydia_'s Monarch should the Search descend, By _Solon_ caution'd to regard his End, In Life's last Scene what Prodigies surprise, Fears of the Brave, and Follies of the Wise?

with'ring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

WorthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

YearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Year chases Year, Decay pursues Decay, Still drops some Joy from with'ring Life away; New Forms arise, and diff'rent Views engage, Superfluous lags the Vet'ran on the Stage, Till pitying Nature signs the last Release, And bids afflicted Worth retire to Peace.

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson holds 285 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two contain?

Chapter 1 holds 285 sentences of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 285 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Common questions about reading The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two?

Yes. All 285 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13350 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13350, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two take to read?

About 23 minutes of reading across 57 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two section by section

How to work through The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vanity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wishes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.