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The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two
The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is here in full — 285 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two
Context Illustration Reading 8/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.
We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.
It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.
We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.
Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is here in full — 285 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 8/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 36–40

Line 1
This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.
/ðɪs er wiː ɑːr əˈkʌstəmd tuː briːð ɪt riˈkwaɪərz noʊ əˈnjuːʒuːəl ˈefərt ʌv əˈdʒʌstmənt frʌm ʌs/
Line 2
We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.
/wiː ˈredəli ˌʌndərˈstænd ðæt wiː ɑːr ˈbiːɪŋ ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd tuː pɑːrˈtɪsəpeɪt ɪn ə ˈpraɪvət ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd baɪ ˈʃerɪŋ ɪt tuː help ɪn ˈɡɪvɪŋ ɪt æz mʌtʃ ˌjuːnəvərˈsæləti æz meɪ biː/
Line 3
It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.
Line 4
We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.
/wiː ɑːr mɔːr ˈlaɪkli tuː fiːl ə rɪˈzentmənt ɔːr æt liːst ə ˈpredʒədɪs əˈɡenst ðə ˈraɪtər huː səˈlɪsəts ˈaʊər əˈtenʃən tuː ə ˈtɑːpɪk wɪˈθaʊt ˈiːvɪn ðə priˈtens ʌv ˈnɑːvəlti/
Line 5
Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjustment noun US /əˈdʒʌstmənt/

making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances

From this reading “This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.”

brazenly adverb US /ˈbreɪzənli/

in a brazen manner

From this reading “Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.”

flippant adjective US /ˈflɪpənt/

showing inappropriate levity

From this reading “Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.”

Johnson's noun US /ˈdʒɑːnsənz/

possessive form of “johnson” — English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading “Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.”

participate verb US /pɑːrˈtɪsəpeɪt/

share in something

From this reading “We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.”

solicits verb US /səˈlɪsəts/

third-person singular of “solicit” — make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently

From this reading “We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.”

undisguised adjective US /ˌʌndɪsˈɡaɪzd/

plain to see

From this reading “Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.”

universality noun US /ˌjuːnəvərˈsæləti/

the quality of being universal; existing everywhere

From this reading “We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

adjustmentnounUS /əˈdʒʌstmənt/

making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

allowverbUS /əˈlaʊ/

make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

brazenlyadverbUS /ˈbreɪzənli/

in a brazen manner

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

breatheverbUS /briːð/

draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

flippantadjectiveUS /ˈflɪpənt/

showing inappropriate levity

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

impudentadjective

marked by casual disrespect

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

invitedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd/

past form of “invite” — increase the likelihood of

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

Johnson'snounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsənz/

possessive form of “johnson” — English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

noveltynounUS /ˈnɑːvəlti/

originality by virtue of being refreshingly novel

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

obtruding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

participateverbUS /pɑːrˈtɪsəpeɪt/

share in something

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

poemsnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

prejudicenounUS /ˈpredʒədɪs/

a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

pretensenounUS /priˈtens/

the act of giving a false appearance

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

processverbUS /ˈprɑːses/

subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

readilyadverbUS /ˈredəli/

without much difficulty

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

requiresverbUS /riˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

resentmentnounUS /rɪˈzentmənt/

a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

reverseverbUS /rɪˈvɜːrs/

change to the contrary

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

sharingnounUS /ˈʃerɪŋ/

using or enjoying something jointly with others

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

solicitsverbUS /səˈlɪsəts/

third-person singular of “solicit” — make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

topicnounUS /ˈtɑːpɪk/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

undisguisedadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪsˈɡaɪzd/

plain to see

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

universalitynounUS /ˌjuːnəvərˈsæləti/

the quality of being universal; existing everywhere

From this reading We readily understand that we are being invited to participate in a private experience and, by sharing it, to help in giving it as much universality as may be.

unusualadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəl/

not usual or common or ordinary

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading This air we are accustomed to breathe: it requires no unusual effort of adjustment from us.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is by no means easy for readers of to-day to reverse the process, to start with the general and find in it their personal account.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Johnson's generation would have found it equally hard to see the matter from our point of view, or to allow that the authors of the poems named above were being less than impudent or at best flippant in thus brazenly obtruding their private experience, undisguised, before the reader.

writernounUS /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading We are more likely to feel a resentment, or at least a prejudice, against the writer who solicits our attention to a topic without even the pretense of novelty.

Chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson holds 285 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two contain?

Chapter 1 holds 285 sentences of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 285 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Common questions about reading The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two by Samuel Johnson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two?

Yes. All 285 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13350 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13350, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two take to read?

About 23 minutes of reading across 57 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two section by section

How to work through The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vanity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wishes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) and Two; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.