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The Vicar of Wakefield
The Vicar of Wakefield

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Vicar of Wakefield is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Vicar of Wakefield
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The family endeavours to cope with their betters.
The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.
I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.
The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.
Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Vicar of Wakefield

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Vicar of Wakefield is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The family endeavours to cope with their betters.
Line 2
The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.
/ðə ˈmɪzəriz ʌv ðə puːr wen ðeɪ əˈtempt tuː əˈpɪr əˈbʌv ðer ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/
Line 3
I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.
/aɪ naʊ bɪˈɡæn tuː faɪnd ðæt ɔːl maɪ lɔːŋ ənd ˈpeɪnfəl ˈlektʃərz əˈpɑːn ˈtempərəns sɪmˈplɪsəti ənd kənˈtentmənt wɜːr ɪnˈtaɪərli ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/
Line 4
The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.
Line 5
Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.
/ˈaʊər ˈwɪndoʊz əˈɡen æz ˈfɔːrmərli wɜːr fɪld wɪð ˈwɑːʃɪz fɔːr ðə nek ənd feɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

betters noun US /ˈbetərz/

plural of “better” — something superior in quality or condition or effect

From this reading “The family endeavours to cope with their betters.”

contentment noun US /kənˈtentmənt/

happiness with one's situation in life

From this reading “I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.”

cope verb US /koʊp/

succeed in doing, achieving, or producing (something) with the limited or inadequate means available

From this reading “The family endeavours to cope with their betters.”

disregarded adjective US /ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

not noticed inadvertently

From this reading “I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.”

distinctions noun US /dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz/

plural of “distinction” — a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading “The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.”

miseries noun US /ˈmɪzəriz/

plural of “misery” — a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading “The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.”

temperance noun US /ˈtempərəns/

the trait of avoiding excesses

From this reading “I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.”

washes noun US /ˈwɑːʃɪz/

plural of “wash” — a thin coat of water-base paint

From this reading “Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.

awaked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

bettersnounUS /ˈbetərz/

plural of “better” — something superior in quality or condition or effect

From this reading The family endeavours to cope with their betters.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.

contentmentnounUS /kənˈtentmənt/

happiness with one's situation in life

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

copeverbUS /koʊp/

succeed in doing, achieving, or producing (something) with the limited or inadequate means available

From this reading The family endeavours to cope with their betters.

disregardedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

not noticed inadvertently

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

distinctionsnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz/

plural of “distinction” — a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

endeavours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The family endeavours to cope with their betters.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The family endeavours to cope with their betters.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

lecturesnounUS /ˈlektʃərz/

plural of “lecture” — a speech that is open to the public

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

miseriesnounUS /ˈmɪzəriz/

plural of “misery” — a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

necknounUS /nek/

the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body

From this reading Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

simplicitynounUS /sɪmˈplɪsəti/

the quality of being simple or uncompounded

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

temperancenounUS /ˈtempərəns/

the trait of avoiding excesses

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The family endeavours to cope with their betters.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The family endeavours to cope with their betters.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The family endeavours to cope with their betters.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

washesnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪz/

plural of “wash” — a thin coat of water-base paint

From this reading Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I now began to find that all my long and painful lectures upon temperance, simplicity, and contentment, were entirely disregarded.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The miseries of the poor when they attempt to appear above their circumstances.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awaked that pride which I had laid asleep, but not removed.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading Our windows again, as formerly, were filled with washes for the neck and face.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The family endeavours to cope with their betters.

Chapter 8 of The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith holds 54 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Vicar of Wakefield contain?

Chapter 8 holds 54 sentences of The Vicar of Wakefield, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 54 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Vicar of Wakefield?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Vicar of Wakefield

Common questions about reading The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Vicar of Wakefield?

Yes. All 2190 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2667 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Vicar of Wakefield is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2667, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Vicar of Wakefield take to read?

About 182 minutes of reading across 438 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Vicar of Wakefield section by section

How to work through The Vicar of Wakefield section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The Vicar of Wakefield to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Vicar of Wakefield

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Vicar of Wakefield, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Faults
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Things
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.