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The Vicar of Wakefield
The Vicar of Wakefield

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Vicar of Wakefield is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Vicar of Wakefield
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A reformation in the gaol.
To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.
The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.
The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.
I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Vicar of Wakefield

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Vicar of Wakefield is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A reformation in the gaol.
Line 2
To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.
/tuː meɪk lɔːz kəmˈpliːt ðeɪ ʃʊd rɪˈwɔːrd æz wel æz ˈpʌnɪʃ/
Line 3
The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.
Line 4
The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.
/ðə ˈɡluːmi streŋkθ ʌv ˈevəri θɪŋ əˈbaʊt ʌs ɪt siːmz hæd ˈdɔːntɪd ðem/
Line 5
I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assuring adjective US /əˈʃʊrɪŋ/

giving confidence

From this reading “I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.”

awakened adjective US /əˈweɪkənd/

aroused or activated

From this reading “The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.”

daunted adjective US /ˈdɔːntɪd/

caused to show discomposure

From this reading “The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.”

eldest adjective US /ˈeldəst/

first in order of birth

From this reading “I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.”

punish verb US /ˈpʌnɪʃ/

impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on

From this reading “To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.”

rebuked verb US /rɪˈbjuːkt/

past form of “rebuke” — censure severely or angrily

From this reading “I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.”

reformation noun US /ˌref.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/

The action or process of reforming an institution, practice, or individual's character.

From this reading “A reformation in the gaol.”

tranquility noun US /træŋˈkwɪl.ə.t̬i/

The quality or state of being tranquil; calm and peaceful.

From this reading “I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A reformation in the gaol.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.

assuringadjectiveUS /əˈʃʊrɪŋ/

giving confidence

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

awakenedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪkənd/

aroused or activated

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

bed-side

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

dauntedadjectiveUS /ˈdɔːntɪd/

caused to show discomposure

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

eldestadjectiveUS /ˈeldəst/

first in order of birth

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

enquired

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

gaolnoun

a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government (either accused persons awaiting trial or convicted persons serving a sentence)

From this reading A reformation in the gaol.

gentlyadverbUS /ˈdʒentli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

gloomyadjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A reformation in the gaol.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

punishverbUS /ˈpʌnɪʃ/

impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on

From this reading To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.

rebukedverbUS /rɪˈbjuːkt/

past form of “rebuke” — censure severely or angrily

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

reformationnounUS /ˌref.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/

The action or process of reforming an institution, practice, or individual's character.

From this reading A reformation in the gaol.

rewardnounUS /rɪˈwɔːrd/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.

sleptverbUS /slept/

inflected form of “sleep” — be asleep

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

sorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A reformation in the gaol.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.

tranquilitynounUS /træŋˈkwɪl.ə.t̬i/

The quality or state of being tranquil; calm and peaceful.

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The gloomy strength of every thing about us, it seems, had daunted them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading To make laws complete, they should reward as well as punish.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The next morning early I was awakened by my family, whom I found in tears at my bed-side.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I gently rebuked their sorrow, assuring them I had never slept with greater tranquility, and next enquired after my eldest daughter, who was not among them.

Chapter 20 of The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith holds 109 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Vicar of Wakefield contain?

Chapter 20 holds 109 sentences of The Vicar of Wakefield, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 109 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Vicar of Wakefield?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Vicar of Wakefield

Common questions about reading The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Vicar of Wakefield?

Yes. All 2190 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2667 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Vicar of Wakefield is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2667, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Vicar of Wakefield take to read?

About 182 minutes of reading across 438 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Vicar of Wakefield section by section

How to work through The Vicar of Wakefield section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The Vicar of Wakefield to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Vicar of Wakefield

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Vicar of Wakefield, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Faults
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Things
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.