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The Vicar of Wakefield
The Vicar of Wakefield

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Vicar of Wakefield is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Vicar of Wakefield
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.
Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.
I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.
Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.
The change which I saw in her countenance struck me.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Vicar of Wakefield

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Vicar of Wakefield is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.
/ˈhæpinəs ənd ˈmɪzəri ˈræðər ðə rɪˈzʌlt ʌv ˈpruːdəns ðæn ʌv ˈvɝː.tʃuː ɪn ðɪs laɪf/
Line 2
Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.
Line 3
I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.
Line 4
Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.
/ˈhævɪŋ kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪd maɪ ˈwɪʃɪz tuː maɪ waɪf ðə nekst ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ðə puːr ɡɜːrl ˈentərd maɪ əˈpɑːrtmənt ˈliːnɪŋ ɑːn hɜːr ˈsɪstərz ɑːrm/
Line 5
The change which I saw in her countenance struck me.
/ðə tʃeɪndʒ wɪtʃ aɪ sɔː ɪn hɜːr ˈkaʊntənəns strʌk miː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

communicated verb US /kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪd/

past form of “communicate” — transmit information

From this reading “Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.”

distribution noun US /ˌdɪstrəˈbjuːʃən/

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence

From this reading “Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.”

evils noun US /ˈiːvəlz/

plural of “evil” — morally objectionable behavior

From this reading “Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.”

prudence noun US /ˈpruːdəns/

discretion in practical affairs

From this reading “Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.”

sister's noun US /ˈsɪstərz/

possessive form of “sister” — a female person who has the same parents as another person

Temporal adjective US /ˈtempərəl/

not eternal

From this reading “Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.”

trifling noun US /ˈtraɪflɪŋ/

the deliberate act of delaying and playing instead of working

From this reading “Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.”

unworthy adjective US /ənˈwɜːrði/

lacking in value or merit

From this reading “Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

apartmentnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənt/

a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading The change which I saw in her countenance struck me.

communicatedverbUS /kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪd/

past form of “communicate” — transmit information

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading The change which I saw in her countenance struck me.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

distributionnounUS /ˌdɪstrəˈbjuːʃən/

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

evilsnounUS /ˈiːvəlz/

plural of “evil” — morally objectionable behavior

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

felicities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

fortnightnounUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪt/

a period of fourteen consecutive days

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

HappinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

leaningadjectiveUS /ˈliːnɪŋ/

departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

longedverbUS /lɔːŋd/

past form of “long” — desire strongly or persistently

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The change which I saw in her countenance struck me.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

miserynounUS /ˈmɪzəri/

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

Olivia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

prudencenounUS /ˈpruːdəns/

discretion in practical affairs

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading The change which I saw in her countenance struck me.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

sister'snounUS /ˈsɪstərz/

possessive form of “sister” — a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading The change which I saw in her countenance struck me.

TemporaladjectiveUS /ˈtempərəl/

not eternal

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

triflingnounUS /ˈtraɪflɪŋ/

the deliberate act of delaying and playing instead of working

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

unworthyadjectiveUS /ənˈwɜːrði/

lacking in value or merit

From this reading Temporal evils or felicities being regarded by heaven as things merely in themselves trifling and unworthy its care in the distribution.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading Happiness and misery rather the result of prudence than of virtue in this life.

visitedverbUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading I had now been confined more than a fortnight, but had not since my arrival been visited by my dear Olivia, and I greatly longed to see her.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The change which I saw in her countenance struck me.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

wishesnounUS /ˈwɪʃɪz/

plural of “wish” — a specific feeling of desire

From this reading Having communicated my wishes to my wife, the next morning the poor girl entered my apartment, leaning on her sister’s arm.

Chapter 21 of The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith holds 138 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Vicar of Wakefield contain?

Chapter 21 holds 138 sentences of The Vicar of Wakefield, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 138 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Vicar of Wakefield?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Vicar of Wakefield

Common questions about reading The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Vicar of Wakefield?

Yes. All 2190 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2667 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Vicar of Wakefield is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2667, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Vicar of Wakefield take to read?

About 182 minutes of reading across 438 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Vicar of Wakefield section by section

How to work through The Vicar of Wakefield section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The Vicar of Wakefield to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Vicar of Wakefield

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Vicar of Wakefield, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Faults
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Things
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicar of Wakefield; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.