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The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax
The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax is here in full — 275 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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_AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.
Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.
He felt a very lonely old man as he thought of it.
None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.
If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax is here in full — 275 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/55 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.
Line 2
Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.
Line 3
He felt a very lonely old man as he thought of it.
/hiː felt ə ˈveri ˈloʊnli oʊld mæn æz hiː θɔːt ʌv ɪt/
Line 4
None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.
Line 5
If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

approved adjective US /əˈpruːvd/

established by authority; given authoritative approval

From this reading “If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!”

churchyard noun US /ˈtʃɜːrtʃjɑːrd/

the yard associated with a church

From this reading “Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.”

deepened verb US /ˈdiːpənd/

past form of “deepen” — make more intense, stronger, or more marked

From this reading “Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.”

encumbered adjective US /enˈkʌmbərd/

loaded to excess or impeded by a heavy load

From this reading “Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.”

marriages noun US /ˈmerɪdʒɪz/

plural of “marriage” — the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading “None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.”

recollections noun US /ˌrekəˈlekʃənz/

plural of “recollection” — the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading “_AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.”

sentimental adjective US /ˌsentəˈmentəl/

given to or marked by sentiment or sentimentality

From this reading “_AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.”

tolerated verb US /ˈtɑːləreɪtɪd/

past form of “tolerate” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading “If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

AGAINSTprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

approvedadjectiveUS /əˈpruːvd/

established by authority; given authoritative approval

From this reading If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

boastverbUS /boʊst/

show off

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

Bulmer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

churchyardnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃjɑːrd/

the yard associated with a church

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

deepenedverbUS /ˈdiːpənd/

past form of “deepen” — make more intense, stronger, or more marked

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

encumberedadjectiveUS /enˈkʌmbərd/

loaded to excess or impeded by a heavy load

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

Fairfax

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading He felt a very lonely old man as he thought of it.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

Geoffry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

Geoffry's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

HERdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

INCLINATIONnounUS /ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading He felt a very lonely old man as he thought of it.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

marriagesnounUS /ˈmerɪdʒɪz/

plural of “marriage” — the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

NeverthelessadverbUS /ˌnevərðəˈles/

in spite of what has just been said

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

NonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

occurverbUS /əˈkɜːr/

come to pass

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading He felt a very lonely old man as he thought of it.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

pitynounUS /ˈpɪti/

a feeling of sympathy and sorrow for the misfortunes of others

From this reading If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!

recollectionsnounUS /ˌrekəˈlekʃənz/

plural of “recollection” — the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

sentimentaladjectiveUS /ˌsentəˈmentəl/

given to or marked by sentiment or sentimentality

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

somewhereadverbUS /ˈsʌmwer/

in or at or to some place

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He felt a very lonely old man as he thought of it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

toleratedverbUS /ˈtɑːləreɪtɪd/

past form of “tolerate” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading If he had not approved of that lady, he had tolerated her--pity that he had not tolerated her a little more!

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

twilightnounUS /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He felt a very lonely old man as he thought of it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _AGAINST HER INCLINATION._ Mr. Fairfax was not a man of sentimental recollections.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading Nevertheless, it did occur to him, as the twilight deepened, that somewhere in the encumbered churchyard that he was looking down upon lay his son Geoffry and Geoffry's first wife, Elizabeth.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading None of his sons' marriages were to boast of, but Geoffry's, as it turned out, was the least unfortunate of any--Geoffry's marriage with Elizabeth Bulmer, that is.

Chapter 4 of The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax by Holme Lee holds 275 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax contain?

Chapter 4 holds 275 sentences of The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax by Holme Lee exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 275 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax

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Yes. All 7813 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #17086 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #17086, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1563 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lawyer's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Postman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Vicissitudes of Bessie Fairfax; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.