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The Viking's Skull
The Viking's Skull

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Viking's Skull is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Viking's Skull
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.
Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."
Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.
Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.
"Mother, what are runes?"
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Viking's Skull

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Viking's Skull is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.
Line 2
Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."
/sɪns ðer rɪˈtɜːrn frʌm ðə ˈmʊrlænd hiː hæd faʊnd hɪz ˈmʌðər əˈnjuːʒuːəli ˈkwaɪət ənd hiː hæd ˈðerfɔːr tɜːrnd fɔːr kəmˈpænjənʃɪp tuː hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt bʊk ðə laɪf ʌv kɪŋ ˈælfrəd/
Line 3
Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.
Line 4
Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.
/ˈsʌdənli hiː lʊkt ʌp ənd əˈdrest hɪz ˈmʌðər huː wɑːz ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn æn ˈɑːrmtʃer ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ hɪm/
Line 5
"Mother, what are runes?"
/ˈmʌðər wʌt ɑːr ruːnz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

armchair noun US /ˈɑːrmtʃer/

chair with a support on each side for arms

From this reading “Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.”

companionship noun US /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/

the state of being with someone

From this reading “Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."”

doings noun US /ˈduːɪŋz/

manner of acting or controlling yourself

From this reading “Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.”

elbows noun US /ˈelboʊz/

plural of “elbow” — hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped

From this reading “Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.”

moorland noun US /ˈmʊrlænd/

open land usually with peaty soil covered with heather and bracken and moss

From this reading “Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."”

reared verb US /rɪrd/

past form of “rear” — stand up on the hind legs, of quadrupeds

From this reading “Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.”

runes noun US /ruːnz/

plural of “rune” — any character from an ancient Germanic alphabet used in Scandinavia from the 3rd century to the Middle Ages

From this reading “"Mother, what are runes?"”

Saxon noun US /ˈsæksən/

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading “Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

unusually quiet adverb + adjective

In this reading “Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."”

upon the floor preposition + article + noun counted as “upon … floor”

In this reading “Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.”

same evening adjective + noun

In this reading “THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.”

looked up verb + adjective counted as “look up”

seek information from

In this reading “Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.”

in an armchair preposition + article + noun counted as “in … armchair”

In this reading “Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.”

return from verb + particle

In this reading “Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

absorbedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɔːrbd/

giving or marked by complete attention to

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

addressedadjectiveUS /əˈdrest/

(of mail) marked with a destination

From this reading Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

AlfrednounUS /ˈælfrəd/

king of Wessex; defeated the Vikings and encouraged writing in English (849-899)

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Mother, what are runes?"

armchairnounUS /ˈɑːrmtʃer/

chair with a support on each side for arms

From this reading Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.

attitudenounUS /ˈætətuːd/

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

chinnounUS /tʃɪn/

the protruding part of the lower jaw

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

companionshipnounUS /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/

the state of being with someone

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

doingsnounUS /ˈduːɪŋz/

manner of acting or controlling yourself

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

elbowsnounUS /ˈelboʊz/

plural of “elbow” — hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

favouritenounUS /ˈfeɪvərɪt/

a competitor thought likely to win

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

footstoolnoun

a low seat or a stool to rest the feet of a seated person

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

hearth-rug

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

Idris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.

moorlandnounUS /ˈmʊrlænd/

open land usually with peaty soil covered with heather and bracken and moss

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

rearedverbUS /rɪrd/

past form of “rear” — stand up on the hind legs, of quadrupeds

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

restedadjectiveUS /ˈrestəd/

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

RINGverbUS /rɪŋ/

sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

runesnounUS /ruːnz/

plural of “rune” — any character from an ancient Germanic alphabet used in Scandinavia from the 3rd century to the Middle Ages

From this reading "Mother, what are runes?"

RUNICadjective

relating to or consisting of runes

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

SaxonnounUS /ˈsæksən/

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

SuddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RUNIC RING That same evening Idris lay reading on the hearth-rug before a bright fire.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

unusuallyadverbUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading Since their return from the moorland he had found his mother unusually quiet, and he had therefore turned for companionship to his favourite book, "_The Life of King Alfred_."

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Having reared the volume against a footstool he rested his elbows upon the floor, and his chin upon his hands, and in this attitude was soon absorbed in the doings of the Saxon hero.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "Mother, what are runes?"

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Suddenly he looked up and addressed his mother, who was sitting in an armchair watching him.

Chapter 2 of The Viking's Skull by John R. Carling holds 113 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Viking's Skull contain?

Chapter 2 holds 113 sentences of The Viking's Skull, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Viking's Skull by John R. Carling exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 113 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Viking's Skull?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Viking's Skull

Common questions about reading The Viking's Skull by John R. Carling on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Viking's Skull?

Yes. All 5908 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60414 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Viking's Skull is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60414, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Viking's Skull take to read?

About 492 minutes of reading across 1182 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Viking's Skull section by section

How to work through The Viking's Skull section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The Viking's Skull to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Viking's Skull

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Viking's Skull, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Viking's Skull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Granitic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Viking's Skull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Peninsulas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Viking's Skull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Western
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Viking's Skull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.