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The Virginians
The Virginians

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of The Virginians is here in full — 536 sentences across 108 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/107 · 5 lines
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George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.
Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.
With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.
Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.
Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Virginians

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of The Virginians is here in full — 536 sentences across 108 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/107 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.
Line 2
Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.
Line 3
With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.
/wɪð ðɪs ˌɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən ðə jʌŋ mæn kəmˈplaɪd oʊˈbiːdiəntli ɪˈnʌf soʊ ðæt hiː meɪ biː sed nɑːt tuː hæv bɪˈlɔːŋd tuː ðə ræŋk ənd faɪl ʌv ðə lɔː bʌt meɪ biː kənˈsɪdərd tuː hæv bɪn ə ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr ɪn hɜːr ˈsɜːrvəs laɪk sʌm jʌŋ ˈdʒentəlmɪn ʌv huːm wiː hæv dʒʌst hɜːrd/
Line 4
Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.
Line 5
Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

admits verb US /ədˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading “Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.”

bays noun US /beɪz/

plural of “bay” — an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading “Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.”

drudge noun US /drʌdʒ/

one who works hard at boring tasks

From this reading “Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.”

frequenting verb US /ˈfriːkwəntɪŋ/

-ing form of “frequent” — do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading “Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.”

injunction noun US /ˌɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

a formal command or admonition

From this reading “With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.”

obediently adverb US /oʊˈbiːdiəntli/

in an obedient manner

From this reading “With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.”

obstruct verb US /əbˈstrʌkt/

hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of

From this reading “George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.”

student's noun US /ˈstuːdənts/

possessive form of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading “Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.”

All words in this reading · 147

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

admitsverbUS /ədˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

amusementnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənt/

a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

baysnounUS /beɪz/

plural of “bay” — an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

ChiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

coffee-houses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

compliedverbUS /kəmˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “comply” — act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

disciplesnounUS /dɪˈsaɪpəlz/

plural of “disciple” — someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

drudgenounUS /drʌdʒ/

one who works hard at boring tasks

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

erminenounUS /ˈɜːrmən/

the expensive white fur of the ermine

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

Esmond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

exactingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/

having complicated nutritional requirements; especially growing only in special artificial cultures

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

exclusiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/

not divided or shared with others

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

fileverbUS /faɪl/

record in a public office or in a court of law

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

frequentingverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntɪŋ/

-ing form of “frequent” — do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

gownnounUS /ɡaʊn/

a woman's dress, usually with a close-fitting bodice and a long flared skirt, often worn on formal occasions

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

hall-commons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

holiday-making

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

injunctionnounUS /ˌɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

a formal command or admonition

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

instructionnounUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃən/

a message describing how something is to be done

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

interfereverbUS /ˌɪntərˈfɪr/

come between so as to be hindrance or obstacle

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

jealousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒeləs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

JusticenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

MadamnounUS /ˈmædəm/

a woman of refinement

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

mistressnounUS /ˈmɪstrəs/

an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

MurraynounUS /ˈmɜːri/

British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

namelessadjectiveUS /ˈneɪm.ləs/

Having no name, or having a name that is kept secret or unknown.

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

nowadaysnounUS /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

obedientlyadverbUS /oʊˈbiːdiəntli/

in an obedient manner

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

obstructverbUS /əbˈstrʌkt/

hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

Ovidnoun

Roman poet remembered for his elegiac verses on love (43 BC - AD 17)

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

pleasuresnounUS /ˈpleʒərz/

plural of “pleasure” — a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

pointedadjectiveUS /ˈpɔɪntɪd/

having a point

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

preferredadjectiveUS /prəˈfɜːrd/

more desirable than another

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

professionaladjectiveUS /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

punchverbUS /pʌntʃ/

deliver a quick blow to

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

recreationnounUS /ˌrekriˈeɪʃən/

an activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

sateverbUS /seɪt/

fill to satisfaction

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

student'snounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

possessive form of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

studiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

volunteerverbUS /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr/

tell voluntarily

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

votaries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

Warrington

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading Murray, we are told, might have been an Ovid, but he preferred to be Lord Chief Justice, and to wear ermine instead of bays.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading George Warrington by no means allowed his legal studies to obstruct his comfort and pleasures, or interfere with his precious health.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Madam Esmond had pointed out to him in her letters that though he wore a student's gown, and sate down with a crowd of nameless people to hall-commons, he had himself a name, and a very ancient one, to support, and could take rank with the first persons at home or in his own country; and desired that he would study as a gentleman, not a mere professional drudge.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Though not so exacting as she since has become--though she allowed her disciples much more leisure, much more pleasure, much more punch, much more frequenting of coffee-houses and holiday-making, than she admits nowadays, when she scarce gives her votaries time for amusement, recreation, instruction, sleep, or dinner--the law a hundred years ago was still a jealous mistress, and demanded a pretty exclusive attention.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading With this injunction the young man complied obediently enough: so that he may be said not to have belonged to the rank and file of the law, but may be considered to have been a volunteer in her service, like some young gentlemen of whom we have just heard.

Chapter 28 of The Virginians by William Makepeace Thackeray holds 536 sentences, grouped into 108 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of The Virginians contain?

Chapter 28 holds 536 sentences of The Virginians, unabridged, divided into 108 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of The Virginians by William Makepeace Thackeray exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 536 sentences, grouped into 108 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of The Virginians?

Work through the 108 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 108 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Virginians

Common questions about reading The Virginians by William Makepeace Thackeray on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Virginians?

Yes. All 16603 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8123 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Virginians is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8123, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Virginians take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3321 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Virginians section by section

How to work through The Virginians section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Virginians to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Virginians

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Virginians, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Colonel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Virginians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Esmond's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Virginians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grandson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Virginians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
While
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Virginians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.