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The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century
The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century is here in full — 379 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/75 · 5 lines
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Must it be always thus?
Is our life forever to be without profit--without possession?
Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?
Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?
The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century is here in full — 379 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Must it be always thus?
/mʌst ɪt biː ˈɔːlweɪz ðʌs/
Line 2
Is our life forever to be without profit--without possession?
Line 3
Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?
/ʃæl ðə streŋkθ ʌv ɪts ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz biː æz ˈbærən æz deθ ɔːr kæst əˈweɪ ðer ˈleɪbər æz ðə waɪld fɪɡ triː kæsts hɜːr ənˈtaɪmli fɪɡz/
Line 4
Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?
Line 5
The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.
/ðə ˈpoʊəts ənd ˈprɑːfəts ðə waɪz men ənd ðə skraɪbz ðoʊ ðeɪ hæv toʊld ʌs ˈnʌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ə laɪf tuː kʌm hæv toʊld ʌs mʌtʃ əˈbaʊt ðə laɪf ðæt ɪz naʊ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barren adjective US /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading “Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?”

casts noun US /kæsts/

plural of “cast” — the actors in a play

From this reading “Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?”

fig noun US /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading “Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?”

figs noun US /fɪɡz/

plural of “fig” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading “Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?”

nobler adjective US /ˈnoʊblər/

comparative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading “Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?”

prophets noun US /ˈprɑːfəts/

the second of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading “The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.”

scribes noun US /skraɪbz/

plural of “scribe” — French playwright (1791-1861)

From this reading “The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.”

untimely adjective US /ənˈtaɪmli/

badly timed

From this reading “Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fig tree noun + noun

any moraceous tree of the tropical genus Ficus; produces a closed pear-shaped receptacle that becomes fleshy and edible when mature

In this reading “Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?”

wise men adjective + noun

(New Testament) the sages who visited Jesus and Mary and Joseph shortly after Jesus was born; the Gospel According to Matthew says they were guided by a star and brought gifts of gold and frankincense and myrrh; because there were three gifts it is usually assumed that there were three of them

In this reading “The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.”

cast away verb + particle

throw or cast away

In this reading “Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?”

live in verb + particle

live in the house where one works

In this reading “Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Must it be always thus?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Must it be always thus?

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

castsnounUS /kæsts/

plural of “cast” — the actors in a play

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

dreamnounUS /driːm/

A series of thoughts, images, or emotions during sleep.

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

fignounUS /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

figsnounUS /fɪɡz/

plural of “fig” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

foreveradverbUS /fərˈevər/

for a limitless time

From this reading Is our life forever to be without profit--without possession?

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Is our life forever to be without profit--without possession?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Must it be always thus?

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Is our life forever to be without profit--without possession?

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

Mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Must it be always thus?

nobleradjectiveUS /ˈnoʊblər/

comparative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Is our life forever to be without profit--without possession?

poetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading Is our life forever to be without profit--without possession?

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

profitnounUS /ˈprɑːfət/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading Is our life forever to be without profit--without possession?

prophetsnounUS /ˈprɑːfəts/

the second of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

scribesnounUS /skraɪbz/

plural of “scribe” — French playwright (1791-1861)

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

Shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Must it be always thus?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Is our life forever to be without profit--without possession?

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

untimelyadjectiveUS /ənˈtaɪmli/

badly timed

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Is it all a dream then--the desire of the eyes and the pride of life--or, if it be, might we not live in nobler dream than this?

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Shall the strength of its generations be as barren as death; or cast away their labor, as the wild fig tree casts her untimely figs?

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading The poets and prophets, the wise men, and the scribes, though they have told us nothing about a life to come, have told us much about the life that is now.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Is our life forever to be without profit--without possession?

Chapter 4 of The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century by Robert Emmons [Editor] Rogers holds 379 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century contain?

Chapter 4 holds 379 sentences of The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century, unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century by Robert Emmons [Editor] Rogers exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 379 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century

Common questions about reading The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century by Robert Emmons [Editor] Rogers on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 3283 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31871 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #31871, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 273 minutes of reading across 657 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Subscripted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Numbers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Curly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.