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The waning of a world
The waning of a world

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The waning of a world is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.
Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.
No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.
At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.
For they should soon be entering the enter edge of the planet’s envelope of gases.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The waning of a world

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The waning of a world is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.
/baɪ ðɪs taɪm ðə ˈplænəts dɪsk hæd spred ənˈtɪl ɪt fɔːrmd ə loʊ hərˈaɪzən ɑːn ɔːl saɪdz/
Line 2
Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.
/ˌɔːlˈðoʊ ðeɪ wɜːr les ðæn ə ˈθaʊzənd maɪlz ˈdɪstənt ðə ˈplænəts ˈsɜːrfəs stɪl əˈpɪrd tuː biː kwaɪt ˈlevəl/
Line 3
No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.
/noʊ ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ʌv ˈmaʊntən ˈreɪndʒəz kʊd ðeɪ dɪˈtekt frʌm ðɪs haɪt/
Line 4
At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.
/æt æn ˌeləˈveɪʃən ʌv əˈbaʊt θriː ˈhʌndrəd maɪlz ˈrɑːbərt tʃekt ðə vəˈlɑːsəti ʌv ðə sfɪr ˈfɜːrðər fɔːr fɪr ʌv ɪkˈsesɪv ˌætməˈsferɪk ˈfrɪkʃən/
Line 5
For they should soon be entering the enter edge of the planet’s envelope of gases.
/fɔːr ðeɪ ʃʊd suːn biː ˈentərɪŋ ðə ˈentər edʒ ʌv ðə ˈplænəts ˈenvəloʊp ʌv ˈɡæsəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

atmospheric adjective US /ˌætməˈsferɪk/

relating to or located in the atmosphere

From this reading “At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.”

disk noun US /dɪsk/

something with a round shape resembling a flat circular plate

From this reading “By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.”

friction noun US /ˈfrɪkʃən/

a state of conflict between persons

From this reading “At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.”

gases noun US /ˈɡæsəz/

plural of “gas” — the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading “For they should soon be entering the enter edge of the planet’s envelope of gases.”

indication noun US /ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən/

something that serves to indicate or suggest

From this reading “No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.”

planet's noun US /ˈplænəts/

possessive form of “planet” — (astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light

ranges noun US /ˈreɪndʒəz/

plural of “range” — an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading “No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.”

velocity noun US /vəˈlɑːsəti/

distance travelled per unit time

From this reading “At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hundred miles noun + noun counted as “hundred mile”

In this reading “At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.”

mountain ranges noun + noun counted as “mountain range”

a series of hills or mountains

In this reading “No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.”

three hundred noun + noun

being one hundred more than two hundred

In this reading “At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.”

thousand miles noun + noun counted as “thousand mile”

In this reading “Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.”

about three preposition + noun

In this reading “At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

atmosphericadjectiveUS /ˌætməˈsferɪk/

relating to or located in the atmosphere

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

checkedadjectiveUS /tʃekt/

patterned with alternating squares of color

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.

detectverbUS /dɪˈtekt/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.

disknounUS /dɪsk/

something with a round shape resembling a flat circular plate

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading For they should soon be entering the enter edge of the planet’s envelope of gases.

elevationnounUS /ˌeləˈveɪʃən/

the event of something being raised upward

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading For they should soon be entering the enter edge of the planet’s envelope of gases.

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading For they should soon be entering the enter edge of the planet’s envelope of gases.

envelopenounUS /ˈenvəloʊp/

a flat (usually rectangular) container for a letter, thin package, etc.

From this reading For they should soon be entering the enter edge of the planet’s envelope of gases.

excessiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsesɪv/

beyond normal limits

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

frictionnounUS /ˈfrɪkʃən/

a state of conflict between persons

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

gasesnounUS /ˈɡæsəz/

plural of “gas” — the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading For they should soon be entering the enter edge of the planet’s envelope of gases.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.

horizonnounUS /hərˈaɪzən/

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

indicationnounUS /ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən/

something that serves to indicate or suggest

From this reading No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

planet'snounUS /ˈplænəts/

possessive form of “planet” — (astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

rangesnounUS /ˈreɪndʒəz/

plural of “range” — an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading No indication of mountain ranges could they detect from this height.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading For they should soon be entering the enter edge of the planet’s envelope of gases.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading For they should soon be entering the enter edge of the planet’s envelope of gases.

SpherenounUS /sfɪr/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading By this time the planet’s disk had spread until it formed a low horizon on all sides.

velocitynounUS /vəˈlɑːsəti/

distance travelled per unit time

From this reading At an elevation of about three hundred miles Robert checked the velocity of the _Sphere_ further for fear of excessive atmospheric friction.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Although they were less than a thousand miles distant, the planet’s surface still appeared to be quite level.

Chapter 4 of The waning of a world by W. Elwyn (Waldo Elwyn) Backus holds 406 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The waning of a world contain?

Chapter 4 holds 406 sentences of The waning of a world, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The waning of a world by W. Elwyn (Waldo Elwyn) Backus exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 406 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The waning of a world?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The waning of a world

Common questions about reading The waning of a world by W. Elwyn (Waldo Elwyn) Backus on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The waning of a world?

Yes. All 3692 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73270 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The waning of a world is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73270, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The waning of a world take to read?

About 307 minutes of reading across 739 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The waning of a world section by section

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Vocabulary met early in The waning of a world

Words and structures a reader meets early in The waning of a world, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Started
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The waning of a world; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Professor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The waning of a world; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Palmer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The waning of a world; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Universe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The waning of a world; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.