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The War Trail
The War Trail

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The War Trail is here in full — 190 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The War Trail
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.
The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.
He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.
White Otter approached the timber with his usual caution.
He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The War Trail

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The War Trail is here in full — 190 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.
Line 2
The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.
Line 3
He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.
/hiː wɑːz baʊnd ɑːn ə ˈhʌntɪŋ ˌekspəˈdɪʃən fɔːr dɪr ˈhævɪŋ ˈprɑːməst tuː kɪl ə fæt jʌŋ bʌk fɔːr hɪz ˈɡrændfɑːðər oʊld wʊlf roʊb ðə eɪdʒd suː tʃiːf/
Line 4
White Otter approached the timber with his usual caution.
/waɪt ˈɑːtər əˈproʊtʃt ðə ˈtɪmbər wɪð hɪz ˈjuːʒəwəl ˈkɑːʃən/
Line 5
He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.
/hiː nuː ðæt ðə ˈfɔːrəst ˈɔːfən kənˈsiːld foʊz æz wel æz ɡeɪm ənd hiː dɪˈtɜːrmənd tuː teɪk noʊ rɪsks/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

buck verb US /bʌk/

to strive with determination

From this reading “He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.”

foes noun US /foʊz/

plural of “foe” — an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading “He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.”

foothills noun US /ˈfʊthɪlz/

plural of “foothill” — a relatively low hill on the lower slope of a mountain

From this reading “The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.”

otter noun US /ˈɑːtər/

the fur of an otter

From this reading “AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.”

rim noun US /rɪm/

the shape of a raised edge of a more or less circular object

From this reading “The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.”

risks noun US /rɪsks/

plural of “risk” — a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading “He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.”

Robe noun US /roʊb/

any loose flowing garment

From this reading “He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.”

Sioux noun US /suː/

a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains

From this reading “The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hunting expedition noun + noun

an overland journey by hunters (especially in Africa)

In this reading “He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.”

low ridge adjective + noun

In this reading “The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.”

WHITE WOLF noun + noun

wolf of Arctic North America having white fur and a black-tipped tail

In this reading “AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

agedadjectiveUS /eɪdʒd/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading White Otter approached the timber with his usual caution.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

AUTHORnounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

buckverbUS /bʌk/

to strive with determination

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

cautionnounUS /ˈkɑːʃən/

the trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger

From this reading White Otter approached the timber with his usual caution.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

concealedadjectiveUS /kənˈsiːld/

not accessible to view

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

daylightnounUS /ˈdeɪlaɪt/

the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

deernounUS /dɪr/

distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

ETC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

fatadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

foesnounUS /foʊz/

plural of “foe” — an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

foothillsnounUS /ˈfʊthɪlz/

plural of “foothill” — a relatively low hill on the lower slope of a mountain

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

FOXnounUS /fɑːks/

alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs

From this reading AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.

gamenounUS /ɡeɪm/

a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

grandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

huntingnounUS /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

killverbUS /kɪl/

cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

Ogalalanoun

a member of the Siouan people who constituted a division of the Teton Sioux and who formerly inhabited the Black Hills of western South Dakota

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

OTTERnounUS /ˈɑːtər/

the fur of an otter

From this reading AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

ridgenounUS /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

rimnounUS /rɪm/

the shape of a raised edge of a more or less circular object

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

risksnounUS /rɪsks/

plural of “risk” — a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

RobenounUS /roʊb/

any loose flowing garment

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

RUNNINGadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

SiouxnounUS /suː/

a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.

timbernounUS /ˈtɪmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading White Otter approached the timber with his usual caution.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was bound on a hunting expedition for deer, having promised to kill a fat young buck for his grandfather, old Wolf Robe, the aged Sioux chief.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading White Otter approached the timber with his usual caution.

war-chief

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading He knew that the forest often concealed foes as well as game, and he determined to take no risks.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

WHITEnounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading White Otter approached the timber with his usual caution.

WOLFnounUS /wʊlf/

any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading AUTHOR OF "THE WHITE WOLF," "RUNNING FOX," "WHITE OTTER," ETC.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The sun was setting behind the western rim of the plain, as White Otter, a famous young war-chief of the Ogalala Sioux, drew near the low ridge of foothills which he had been approaching since daylight.

Chapter 1 of The War Trail by Elmer Russell Gregor holds 190 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The War Trail contain?

Chapter 1 holds 190 sentences of The War Trail, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The War Trail by Elmer Russell Gregor exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 190 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The War Trail?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The War Trail

Common questions about reading The War Trail by Elmer Russell Gregor on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The War Trail?

Yes. All 3994 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36888 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The War Trail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36888, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The War Trail take to read?

About 332 minutes of reading across 799 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The War Trail section by section

How to work through The War Trail section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of The War Trail to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The War Trail

Words and structures a reader meets early in The War Trail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The War Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The War Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Running
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The War Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Otter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The War Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.