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The Wars of the Roses
The Wars of the Roses

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of The Wars of the Roses is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE QUEEN'S STRUGGLES WITH ADVERSITY.
On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.
The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.
As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.
Margaret was not the woman to faint in the day of adversity.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Wars of the Roses

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of The Wars of the Roses is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE QUEEN'S STRUGGLES WITH ADVERSITY.
/ðə kwiːnz ˈstrʌɡəlz wɪð ədˈvɝː.sə.t̬i/
Line 2
On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.
Line 3
The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.
Line 4
As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.
Line 5
Margaret was not the woman to faint in the day of adversity.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adversity noun US /ədˈvɝː.sə.t̬i/

Difficulties; misfortune and hardship faced with courage.

From this reading “THE QUEEN'S STRUGGLES WITH ADVERSITY.”

apprehensions noun US /ˌæprɪˈhenʃənz/

plural of “apprehension” — fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading “The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.”

celebrating verb US /ˈseləbreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “celebrate” — behave as expected during of holidays or rites

From this reading “On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.”

Lancaster noun US /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading “On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.”

queen's noun US /kwiːnz/

possessive form of “queen” — the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading “THE QUEEN'S STRUGGLES WITH ADVERSITY.”

Somerset noun US /ˈsʌmərset/

a county in southwestern England on the Bristol Channel

From this reading “As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.”

speedy adjective US /ˈspiːdiː/

characterized by speed; moving with or capable of moving with high speed

From this reading “As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.”

spurred verb US /spɜːrd/

inflected form of “spur” — incite or stimulate

From this reading “As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

all probability adjective + noun

In this reading “The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.”

rode forth verb + particle counted as “ride forth”

In this reading “The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.”

STRUGGLES WITH verb + particle counted as “struggle with”

In this reading “THE QUEEN'S STRUGGLES WITH ADVERSITY.”

into the city preposition + article + noun counted as “into … city”

In this reading “As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.”

remained at verb + particle counted as “remain at”

In this reading “On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.”

wore on verb + particle counted as “wear on”

pass slowly (of time)

In this reading “As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

ADVERSITYnounUS /ədˈvɝː.sə.t̬i/

Difficulties; misfortune and hardship faced with courage.

From this reading THE QUEEN'S STRUGGLES WITH ADVERSITY.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

Anjounoun

a former province of western France in the Loire valley

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

announcedadjectiveUS /əˈnaʊnst/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

apprehensionsnounUS /ˌæprɪˈhenʃənz/

plural of “apprehension” — fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

awaitverbUS /əˈweɪt/

look forward to the probable occurrence of

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

celebratingverbUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “celebrate” — behave as expected during of holidays or rites

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

confidentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnfədənt/

having or marked by confidence or assurance

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

DenounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

entertainingadjectiveUS /ˌentərˈteɪnɪŋ/

agreeably diverting

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

Exeter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

faintadjectiveUS /feɪnt/

deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading Margaret was not the woman to faint in the day of adversity.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

festivalnounUS /ˈfestəvəl/

a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

FieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

flightnounUS /flaɪt/

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

issueverbUS /ˈɪʃuː/

prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

LancasternounUS /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

Lancastrians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

lances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

Margaret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Margaret was not the woman to faint in the day of adversity.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

PalmnounUS /pɑːm/

the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

palmsnounUS /pɑːmz/

plural of “palm” — the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

probabilitynounUS /ˌprɑːbəˈbɪlətiː/

a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

QUEEN'SnounUS /kwiːnz/

possessive form of “queen” — the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading THE QUEEN'S STRUGGLES WITH ADVERSITY.

recommendedverbUS /ˌrekəˈmendɪd/

past form of “recommend” — push for something

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

Roos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

SomersetnounUS /ˈsʌmərset/

a county in southwestern England on the Bristol Channel

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

speedyadjectiveUS /ˈspiːdiː/

characterized by speed; moving with or capable of moving with high speed

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

spurredverbUS /spɜːrd/

inflected form of “spur” — incite or stimulate

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

STRUGGLESnounUS /ˈstrʌɡəlz/

plural of “struggle” — an energetic attempt to achieve something

From this reading THE QUEEN'S STRUGGLES WITH ADVERSITY.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE QUEEN'S STRUGGLES WITH ADVERSITY.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

Towton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Lancastrians, when they rode forth, appeared so confident of victory that, in all probability, the queen was far from entertaining serious apprehensions.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE QUEEN'S STRUGGLES WITH ADVERSITY.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Margaret was not the woman to faint in the day of adversity.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading As the day wore on, however, Somerset and Exeter spurred into the city, announced that all was lost, and recommended a speedy flight.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading On Palm Sunday, when, on Towton Field, the armies of York and Lancaster were celebrating the festival with lances instead of palms, Margaret of Anjou, with the king, the Prince of Wales, and Lord De Roos, remained at York to await the issue of the conflict.

Chapter 13 of The Wars of the Roses by John G. (John George) Edgar holds 114 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of The Wars of the Roses contain?

Chapter 13 holds 114 sentences of The Wars of the Roses, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of The Wars of the Roses by John G. (John George) Edgar exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 114 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of The Wars of the Roses?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Wars of the Roses

Common questions about reading The Wars of the Roses by John G. (John George) Edgar on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Wars of the Roses?

Yes. All 3418 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46132 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Wars of the Roses is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46132, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Wars of the Roses take to read?

About 284 minutes of reading across 684 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Wars of the Roses section by section

How to work through The Wars of the Roses section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Wars of the Roses to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Wars of the Roses

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Wars of the Roses, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wars of the Roses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Struggle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wars of the Roses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lancaster
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wars of the Roses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wars of the Roses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.