Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Way of All Flesh
The Way of All Flesh

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of The Way of All Flesh is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Way of All Flesh
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s Historic Doubts.”
Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.
Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.
Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.
Mr Shaw said he knew Historic Doubts very well.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Way of All Flesh

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of The Way of All Flesh is here in full — 99 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’sHistoric Doubts.”
Line 2
Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.
/ðen hiː dɪˈsendəd ðə dɑːrk ˈrɑːtən oʊld sterz ənd nɑːkt æt ðə ˈtɪŋkərz dɔːr/
Line 3
Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.
Line 4
Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’sHistoric Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.
Line 5
Mr Shaw said he knewHistoric Doubtsvery well.
/ˈmɪstər ʃɔː sed hiː nuː hɪˈstɔːrɪk daʊts ˈveri wel/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

analysis noun US /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading “Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.””

evidences noun US /ˈevədənsəz/

plural of “evidence” — your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading “Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.””

hammering noun US /ˈhæmərɪŋ/

the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows)

From this reading “Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.”

Historic adjective US /hɪˈstɔːrɪk/

belonging to the past; of what is important or famous in the past

From this reading “Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.””

pretends noun US /priˈtendz/

plural of “pretend” — the enactment of a pretense

From this reading “Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.”

Shaw noun US /ʃɔː/

United States clarinetist and leader of a swing band (1910-2004)

From this reading “Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.”

tinker verb US /ˈtɪŋkər/

do random, unplanned work or activities or spend time idly

From this reading “Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.””

tinker's noun US /ˈtɪŋkərz/

possessive form of “tinker” — a person who enjoys fixing and experimenting with machines and their parts

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

analysisnounUS /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

ArchbishopnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

a bishop of highest rank

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

argumentsnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənts/

plural of “argument” — a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

assentingnoun

agreeing with or consenting to (often unwillingly)

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

Buonaparte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

convertverbUS /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

copynounUS /ˈkɑːpi/

a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.

DoubtsnounUS /daʊts/

plural of “doubt” — the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

Ernest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

evidencesnounUS /ˈevədənsəz/

plural of “evidence” — your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

hammeringnounUS /ˈhæmərɪŋ/

the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows)

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

HistoricadjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪk/

belonging to the past; of what is important or famous in the past

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

hurriedlyadverbUS /ˈhɜːridli/

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

kitchennounUS /ˈkɪtʃən/

a room equipped for preparing meals

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Mr Shaw said he knew “Historic Doubts” very well.

knockedverbUS /nɑːkt/

past form of “knock” — deliver a sharp blow or push

From this reading Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

miraclesnounUS /ˈmɪrəkəlz/

plural of “miracle” — any amazing or wonderful occurrence

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

Paley's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

pocketnounUS /ˈpɑːkət/

a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

pretendsnounUS /priˈtendz/

plural of “pretend” — the enactment of a pretense

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

rottenadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːtən/

very bad

From this reading Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

satirises

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

ShawnounUS /ʃɔː/

United States clarinetist and leader of a swing band (1910-2004)

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

stairsnounUS /sterz/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

throngnounUS /θrɔːŋ/

a large gathering of people

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

tinkerverbUS /ˈtɪŋkər/

do random, unplanned work or activities or spend time idly

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

tinker'snounUS /ˈtɪŋkərz/

possessive form of “tinker” — a person who enjoys fixing and experimenting with machines and their parts

From this reading Then he descended the dark rotten old stairs and knocked at the tinker’s door.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Mr Shaw said he knew “Historic Doubts” very well.

Whateley's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before going down into the kitchen to convert the tinker Ernest ran hurriedly over his analysis of Paley’s evidences, and put into his pocket a copy of Archbishop Whateley’s “Historic Doubts.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Mr Shaw was very civil; he said he was rather throng just now, but if Ernest did not mind the sound of hammering he should be very glad of a talk with him.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Our hero, assenting to this, ere long led the conversation to Whateley’s “Historic Doubts”—a work which, as the reader may know, pretends to show that there never was any such person as Napoleon Buonaparte, and thus satirises the arguments of those who have attacked the Christian miracles.

Chapter 28 of The Way of All Flesh by Samuel Butler holds 99 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of The Way of All Flesh contain?

Chapter 28 holds 99 sentences of The Way of All Flesh, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of The Way of All Flesh by Samuel Butler exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 99 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of The Way of All Flesh?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Way of All Flesh

Common questions about reading The Way of All Flesh by Samuel Butler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Way of All Flesh?

Yes. All 5490 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2084 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Way of All Flesh is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2084, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Way of All Flesh take to read?

About 457 minutes of reading across 1098 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Way of All Flesh section by section

How to work through The Way of All Flesh section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Way of All Flesh to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Way of All Flesh

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Way of All Flesh, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of All Flesh; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beginning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of All Flesh; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Century
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of All Flesh; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Remember
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of All Flesh; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.