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The Way of the Air
The Way of the Air

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Way of the Air is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.
It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.
We had received our instructions the previous night.
Ten bomb-dropping aeroplanes were to be convoyed by two battle-planes.
It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Way of the Air

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Way of the Air is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.
/ə ɡreɪt reɪd ˈsʌmwer ɪn ðə nɔːrθ ʌv fræns ˈmʌndi æz aɪ wɔːkt əˈkrɔːs ðə ˈerədroʊm ðə ˈfiːbəl reɪz ʌv ðə jʌŋ muːn wɜːr ˈdaɪɪŋ ɪn ðə west/
Line 2
It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.
Line 3
We had received our instructions the previous night.
/wiː hæd rəˈsiːvd ˈaʊər ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃənz ðə ˈpriːviəs naɪt/
Line 4
Ten bomb-dropping aeroplanes were to be convoyed by two battle-planes.
Line 5
It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aerodrome noun US /ˈerədroʊm/

an airfield equipped with control tower and hangars as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo

From this reading “A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.”

aviation noun US /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən/

the aggregation of a country's military aircraft

From this reading “It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.”

balaclava noun US /ˌbɑːlɑːˈklɑːvɑː/

a cap that is close-fitting and woolen and covers all of the head but the face

From this reading “It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.”

freezing noun US /ˈfriːzɪŋ/

the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid

From this reading “It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.”

gum noun US /ɡʌm/

a preparation (usually made of sweetened chicle) for chewing

From this reading “It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.”

invaluable adjective US /ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl/

having incalculable monetary, intellectual, or spiritual worth

From this reading “It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.”

scouting noun US /ˈskaʊtɪŋ/

exploring in order to gain information

From this reading “It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.”

woolen noun US /ˈwʊlən/

a fabric made from the hair of sheep

From this reading “It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ninety miles adjective + noun counted as “ninety mile”

In this reading “It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.”

feeble rays adjective + noun counted as “feeble ray”

In this reading “A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.”

previous night adjective + noun

In this reading “We had received our instructions the previous night.”

per hour preposition + noun

In this reading “It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.”

two pairs noun + noun counted as “two pair”

In this reading “It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.”

from freezing preposition + noun

In this reading “It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.”

in the morning preposition + article + noun counted as “in … morning”

In this reading “It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.”

in the west preposition + article + noun counted as “in … west”

In this reading “A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

4.30

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

aerodromenounUS /ˈerədroʊm/

an airfield equipped with control tower and hangars as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

aeroplanes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ten bomb-dropping aeroplanes were to be convoyed by two battle-planes.

alikeadverbUS /əˈlaɪk/

equally

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

aviationnounUS /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən/

the aggregation of a country's military aircraft

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

balaclavanounUS /ˌbɑːlɑːˈklɑːvɑː/

a cap that is close-fitting and woolen and covers all of the head but the face

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

battle-planes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ten bomb-dropping aeroplanes were to be convoyed by two battle-planes.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Ten bomb-dropping aeroplanes were to be convoyed by two battle-planes.

bomb-dropping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ten bomb-dropping aeroplanes were to be convoyed by two battle-planes.

bootsnounUS /buːts/

plural of “boot” — footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Ten bomb-dropping aeroplanes were to be convoyed by two battle-planes.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

carriesnounUS /ˈkæriz/

plural of “carry” — the act of carrying something

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

clothingnounUS /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

a covering designed to be worn on a person's body

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

convoyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ten bomb-dropping aeroplanes were to be convoyed by two battle-planes.

dyingadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪɪŋ/

in or associated with the process of passing from life or ceasing to be

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

feebleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːbəl/

pathetically lacking in force or effectiveness

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

freezingnounUS /ˈfriːzɪŋ/

the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

glovesnounUS /ɡlʌvz/

plural of “glove” — the handwear used by fielders in playing baseball

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

GREATadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

gumnounUS /ɡʌm/

a preparation (usually made of sweetened chicle) for chewing

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

helmetnounUS /ˈhelmət/

armor plate that protects the head

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

icy-cold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

instructionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃənz/

a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it

From this reading We had received our instructions the previous night.

invaluableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl/

having incalculable monetary, intellectual, or spiritual worth

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading We had received our instructions the previous night.

ninetyadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnti/

being ten more than eighty

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

nor'wester

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

observernounUS /əbˈzɜːrvər/

a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We had received our instructions the previous night.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

pairsnounUS /perz/

plural of “pair” — a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

precautionnounUS /priˈkɔːʃən/

a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading We had received our instructions the previous night.

RAIDverbUS /reɪd/

search without warning, make a sudden surprise attack on

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading We had received our instructions the previous night.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

scoutingnounUS /ˈskaʊtɪŋ/

exploring in order to gain information

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

seater

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

shriekingnounUS /ˈʃriːkɪŋ/

sharp piercing cry

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

SomewhereadverbUS /ˈsʌmwer/

in or at or to some place

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

TennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Ten bomb-dropping aeroplanes were to be convoyed by two battle-planes.

thankfuladjectiveUS /ˈθæŋkfəl/

feeling or showing gratitude

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

tree-tops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

trousersnounUS /ˈtraʊzərz/

(usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to the knee or ankle, covering each leg separately

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

warmlyadverbUS /ˈwɔːrmli/

in a hearty manner

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We had received our instructions the previous night.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading It may be mentioned that a bomb-dropping machine is usually of the fast, scouting variety, with a speed of well over ninety miles per hour, and is a single seater--that is to say, it carries no observer.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

wetadjectiveUS /wet/

covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

wool-lined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

woolennounUS /ˈwʊlən/

a fabric made from the hair of sheep

From this reading It was 4.30 in the morning, with an icy-cold nor’wester shrieking through the tree-tops, and I was very thankful that I had taken the precaution of clothing myself warmly in a wool-lined leather coat and trousers, a pair of long gum boots--invaluable for keeping out wet and cold alike--a woolen balaclava helmet under my leather aviation cap, and two pairs of gloves to keep my hands from freezing.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading A GREAT RAID _Somewhere in the North of France, Monday._ As I walked across the aerodrome, the feeble rays of the young moon were dying in the west.

Chapter 18 of The Way of the Air by Edgar Charles Middleton holds 108 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Way of the Air contain?

Chapter 18 holds 108 sentences of The Way of the Air, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Way of the Air by Edgar Charles Middleton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 108 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Way of the Air?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Way of the Air

Common questions about reading The Way of the Air by Edgar Charles Middleton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Way of the Air?

Yes. All 1654 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51581 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Way of the Air is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51581, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Way of the Air take to read?

About 137 minutes of reading across 331 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Way of the Air section by section

How to work through The Way of the Air section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of The Way of the Air to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Way of the Air

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Way of the Air, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Captain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of the Air; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Adrian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of the Air; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Liddell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of the Air; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Flight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of the Air; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.