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The Way of the Strong
The Way of the Strong

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Way of the Strong is here in full — 326 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Way of the Strong
Context Illustration Reading 1/65 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.
It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.
There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.
There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.
There were colored Pullman servants, and waiters, and cooks from the dining-cars.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Way of the Strong

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Way of the Strong is here in full — 326 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/65 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.
Line 2
It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.
Line 3
There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.
Line 4
There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.
Line 5
There were colored Pullman servants, and waiters, and cooks from the dining-cars.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conductors noun US /kənˈdʌktərz/

plural of “conductor” — the person who leads a musical group

From this reading “There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.”

departments noun US /dɪˈpɑːrtmənts/

plural of “department” — a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading “There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.”

freighters noun US /ˈfreɪtərz/

plural of “freighter” — a cargo ship

From this reading “There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.”

locomotive noun US /ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtɪv/

a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks

From this reading “There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.”

neighborhoods noun US /ˈneɪbərhʊdz/

plural of “neighborhood” — a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading “CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.”

Pullman noun US /ˈpʊlmən/

luxurious passenger car; for day or night travel

From this reading “There were colored Pullman servants, and waiters, and cooks from the dining-cars.”

suffocation noun US /ˌsʌfəˈkeɪʃən/

killing by depriving of oxygen

From this reading “It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.”

uniformed adjective US /ˈjuːnəfɔːrmd/

dressed in a uniform

From this reading “There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on the outskirts preposition + article + noun counted as “on … outskirts”

In this reading “CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.”

large hall adjective + noun

In this reading “CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.”

seem quite verb + particle

In this reading “There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.

ampleadjectiveUS /ˈæmpəl/

more than enough in size or scope or capacity

From this reading There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

audiencenounUS /ˈɑːdiəns/

a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance

From this reading It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.

Calford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

CAPITALnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

coal-dust

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

coloredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌlərd/

having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination

From this reading There were colored Pullman servants, and waiters, and cooks from the dining-cars.

conductorsnounUS /kənˈdʌktərz/

plural of “conductor” — the person who leads a musical group

From this reading There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.

cooksnounUS /kʊks/

plural of “cook” — someone who cooks food

From this reading There were colored Pullman servants, and waiters, and cooks from the dining-cars.

departmentsnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənts/

plural of “department” — a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

dining-cars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were colored Pullman servants, and waiters, and cooks from the dining-cars.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.

freightersnounUS /ˈfreɪtərz/

plural of “freighter” — a cargo ship

From this reading There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

hard-muscled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.

humanitynounUS /hjuːˈmænɪti/

the quality of being humane

From this reading It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

LABORnounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

locomotivenounUS /ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtɪv/

a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

neighborhoodsnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊdz/

plural of “neighborhood” — a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

outskirtsnounUS /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/

outlying areas (as of a city or town)

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

packedadjectiveUS /pækt/

extremely crowed or filled to capacity

From this reading It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.

pooreradjectiveUS /ˈpuːrər/

comparative of “poor” — deserving or inciting pity

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

PullmannounUS /ˈpʊlmən/

luxurious passenger car; for day or night travel

From this reading There were colored Pullman servants, and waiters, and cooks from the dining-cars.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

ridverbUS /rɪd/

relieve from

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading There were colored Pullman servants, and waiters, and cooks from the dining-cars.

stern-faced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.

suffocationnounUS /ˌsʌfəˈkeɪʃən/

killing by depriving of oxygen

From this reading It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was packed almost to suffocation by an audience of stern-faced, eager humanity.

tracesnounUS /ˈtreɪsəz/

plural of “trace” — a just detectable amount

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.

uniformedadjectiveUS /ˈjuːnəfɔːrmd/

dressed in a uniform

From this reading There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.

waitersnounUS /ˈweɪtərz/

plural of “waiter” — a person whose occupation is to serve at table (as in a restaurant)

From this reading There were colored Pullman servants, and waiters, and cooks from the dining-cars.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CAPITAL AND LABOR It was a large hall on the outskirts of Calford, in one of the poorer neighborhoods.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were the ample figures of uniformed train conductors; there were the thin, hard-muscled freighters.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading There were men from the locomotive departments, with traces of coal-dust about their eyes, of which, even in their leisure, they never seem quite able to rid themselves.

Chapter 31 of The Way of the Strong by Ridgwell Cullum holds 326 sentences, grouped into 66 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Way of the Strong contain?

Chapter 31 holds 326 sentences of The Way of the Strong, unabridged, divided into 66 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Way of the Strong by Ridgwell Cullum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 326 sentences, grouped into 66 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Way of the Strong?

Work through the 66 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 66 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Way of the Strong

Common questions about reading The Way of the Strong by Ridgwell Cullum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Way of the Strong?

Yes. All 13505 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35776 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Way of the Strong is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35776, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Way of the Strong take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2701 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Way of the Strong section by section

How to work through The Way of the Strong section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Way of the Strong to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Way of the Strong

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Way of the Strong, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twins
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Suffering
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Creek
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Way of the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.