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The whirlwind
The whirlwind

Chapter V

Cover illustration for The whirlwind
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.
Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.
But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.
From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.
The late Norman castle belonged to the twelfth century.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The whirlwind

Chapter V

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.
Line 2
Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.
Line 3
But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.
Line 4
From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.
Line 5
The late Norman castle belonged to the twelfth century.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Among preposition US /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading “THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.”

Ancient adjective US /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading “THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.”

Hither adverb US /ˈhɪðər/

an old word meaning “to this place”

From this reading “But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.”

Might modal verb US /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading “Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.”

Second noun US /second/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.”

Stood noun US /stood/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

arose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

belonged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The late Norman castle belonged to the twelfth century.

bloody

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

blows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

borough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

boroughs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

CASTLE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

centre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

centuries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

century

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The late Norman castle belonged to the twelfth century.

certain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

civilization

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

compare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

Conquest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

consume

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

credit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

Danes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

Devon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

Exeter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

fire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

flourished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

former

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

fortified

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

glories

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

ground

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

hitheradverbUS /ˈhɪðər/

an old word meaning “to this place”

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

KEEPER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

lands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

largeness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

late

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The late Norman castle belonged to the twelfth century.

liberties

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

Lydford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

measure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

mediæval

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

Norman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

prosperity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

raze

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

recovered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

reigned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

renown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

ruins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

Saxon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

second

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

settlement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

stoodnounUS /stood/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

stronghold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

sword

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

Tavistock

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

town

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

twelfth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The late Norman castle belonged to the twelfth century.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

vanished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But hither came the bloody Danes by way of Tavistock, to consume with fire and sword, and raze this Saxon stronghold to the ground.

western

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

wherein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these blows the borough recovered, and upon the ruins of the settlement arose a mediæval town wherein, for certain centuries, there reigned a measure of prosperity.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Before the Norman Conquest Lydford flourished as a fortified town; when, "for largeness in lands and liberties" no western centre of civilization might compare with it.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading THE KEEPER OF THE CASTLE The former glories of Lydford have long since vanished away; yet once it was among the most ancient of Devon boroughs, and stood only second to Exeter in credit and renown.