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The White Devil
The White Devil

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The White Devil is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The White Devil
Context Illustration Reading 79/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
O that I ne'er had borne thee!
Flam.
So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.
Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.
Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The White Devil

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The White Devil is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 79/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 391–395

Line 1
O that I ne'er had borne thee!
/oʊ ðæt aɪ ner hæd bɔːrn ðiː/
Line 2
Flam.
Line 3
So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.
Line 4
Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.
/ˈneɪtʃər ɪz ˈveri ˈpɪtəfəl tuː hɔːrz tuː ɡɪv ðem bʌt fjuː ˈtʃɪldrən jet ðoʊz ˈtʃɪldrən plərˈælɪti ʌv ˈfɑːðərz ðeɪ ɑːr ʃʊr ðeɪ ʃæl nɑːt wɑːnt/
Line 5
Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.
/ɡoʊ ɡoʊ kəmˈpleɪn ˈʌntuː maɪ ɡreɪt lɔːrd ˈkɑːrdənəl ɪt meɪ biː hiː wɪl ˈdʒʌstəfaɪ ðə ækt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cardinal noun US /ˈkɑːrdənəl/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading “Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.”

Complain verb US /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading “Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.”

fathers noun US /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading “Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.”

justify verb US /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪ/

show to be right by providing justification or proof

From this reading “Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.”

ne'er adverb US /ner/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading “O that I ne'er had borne thee!”

pitiful adjective US /ˈpɪtəfəl/

inspiring mixed contempt and pity

From this reading “Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.”

Plurality noun US /plərˈælɪti/

the state of being plural

From this reading “Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.”

whores noun US /hɔːrz/

plural of “whore” — a woman who engages in sexual intercourse for money

From this reading “Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

borneverbUS /bɔːrn/

inflected form of “bear” — have

From this reading O that I ne'er had borne thee!

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

cardinalnounUS /ˈkɑːrdənəl/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

common'st

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

ComplainverbUS /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

courtesannoun

a woman who cohabits with an important man

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

fathersnounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

Flam

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Flam.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

GoverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading O that I ne'er had borne thee!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading O that I ne'er had borne thee!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

justifyverbUS /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪ/

show to be right by providing justification or proof

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

ne'eradverbUS /ner/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading O that I ne'er had borne thee!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading O that I ne'er had borne thee!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

pitifuladjectiveUS /ˈpɪtəfəl/

inspiring mixed contempt and pity

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

PluralitynounUS /plərˈælɪti/

the state of being plural

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading O that I ne'er had borne thee!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading O that I ne'er had borne thee!

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

thyself

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

whoresnounUS /hɔːrz/

plural of “whore” — a woman who engages in sexual intercourse for money

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Go, go, Complain unto my great lord cardinal; It may be he will justify the act.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading So would I; I would the common'st courtesan in Rome Had been my mother, rather than thyself.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Nature is very pitiful to whores, To give them but few children, yet those children Plurality of fathers; they are sure They shall not want.

Chapter 1 of The White Devil by John Webster holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The White Devil contain?

Chapter 1 holds 403 sentences of The White Devil, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The White Devil by John Webster exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The White Devil?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The White Devil

Common questions about reading The White Devil by John Webster on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The White Devil?

Yes. All 3118 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12915 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The White Devil is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12915, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The White Devil take to read?

About 259 minutes of reading across 624 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The White Devil section by section

How to work through The White Devil section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The White Devil to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The White Devil

Words and structures a reader meets early in The White Devil, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Publishing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Devil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tragedy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Devil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Challenge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Devil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Myself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Devil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.