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The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War
The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War is here in full — 139 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE ATEPETL.
Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.
These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.
In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.
The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War is here in full — 139 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ATEPETL.
Line 2
Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.
/ˈteksəs ɪz ˌɪntərˈsektɪd baɪ tuː laɪnz ʌv kənˈtɪnjuːəs ˈfɔːrəsts wɪtʃ rʌn frʌm ðə nɔːrθ nɪr ðə ˈsɔːrsəz ʌv ðə ˈriːoʊ ˈtrɪnɪdæd tuː ðə ˈɑːrkənsɑː ˈrɪvər/
Line 3
These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.
Line 4
In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.
Line 5
The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arkansas noun US /ˈɑːrkənsɑː/

a state in south central United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading “Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.”

confluence noun US /ˈkɑːnfluːəns/

a place where things merge or flow together (especially rivers)

From this reading “In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.”

crests noun US /krests/

plural of “crest” — the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading “In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.”

deliciously adverb US /dɪˈlɪʃəʃli/

in a very pleasurable manner

From this reading “In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.”

denuded adjective US /dɪˈnuːdɪd/

without the natural or usual covering

From this reading “In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.”

intersected verb US /ˌɪntərˈsektɪd/

past form of “intersect” — meet at a point

From this reading “Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.”

serrated adjective US /ˈsereɪtɪd/

notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex

From this reading “In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.”

Trinidad noun US /ˈtrɪnɪdæd/

an island in West Indies just off the northeastern coast of Venezuela

From this reading “Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

narrow valley verb + noun

In this reading “In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.”

winter season noun + noun

In this reading “The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.”

among the trees preposition + article + noun counted as “among … tree”

In this reading “In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.”

wander about verb + particle

In this reading “These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.”

descend from verb + particle

In this reading “The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.”

southern sun adjective + noun

In this reading “The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.”

on the banks preposition + article + noun counted as “on … banks”

In this reading “In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.”

at liberty preposition + noun

In this reading “These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

Apacheria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

ArkansasnounUS /ˈɑːrkənsɑː/

a state in south central United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

ATEPETL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ATEPETL.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

beamsnounUS /biːmz/

plural of “beam” — a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

borderedadjectiveUS /ˈbɔːrdərd/

having a border especially of a specified kind; sometimes used as a combining term

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

buffaloes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

callis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

clumpsnounUS /klʌmps/

plural of “clump” — a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

commenceverbUS /kəˈmens/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

confluencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfluːəns/

a place where things merge or flow together (especially rivers)

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

continuousadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəs/

continuing in time or space without interruption

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

cotton-wood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

countlessadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊntləs/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

crestsnounUS /krests/

plural of “crest” — the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

CrossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

deliciouslyadverbUS /dɪˈlɪʃəʃli/

in a very pleasurable manner

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

denseadjectiveUS /dens/

permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

denudedadjectiveUS /dɪˈnuːdɪd/

without the natural or usual covering

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

descendverbUS /dɪˈsend/

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

domenounUS /doʊm/

a concave shape whose distinguishing characteristic is that the concavity faces downward

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

dwarfnounUS /dwɔːrf/

a person who is markedly small

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

flowsnounUS /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

foliagenounUS /ˈfoʊlɪdʒ/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

gustsnounUS /ɡʌsts/

plural of “gust” — a strong current of air

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

herdsnounUS /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

intersectedverbUS /ˌɪntərˈsektɪd/

past form of “intersect” — meet at a point

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

palmsnounUS /pɑːmz/

plural of “palm” — the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

prairiesnounUS /ˈpreɪriz/

plural of “prairie” — a treeless grassy plain

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

protectedadjectiveUS /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

RionounUS /ˈriːoʊ/

the former capital and 2nd largest city of Brazil; chief Brazilian port; famous as a tourist attraction

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

Sabina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

serratedadjectiveUS /ˈsereɪtɪd/

notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

shelteredadjectiveUS /ˈʃeltərd/

protected from danger or bad weather

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

sourcesnounUS /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

TexasnounUS /ˈteksəs/

the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ATEPETL.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

TimbersnounUS /ˈtɪmbərz/

plural of “timber” — the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

transparentadjectiveUS /trænˈsperənt/

transmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

TrinidadnounUS /ˈtrɪnɪdæd/

an island in West Indies just off the northeastern coast of Venezuela

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

undulatingverbUS /ˈʌndʒəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “undulate” — stir up (water) so as to form ripples

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

Vermejo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

wanderverbUS /ˈwɑːndər/

move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Texas is intersected by two lines of continuous forests, which run from the north, near the sources of the Rio Trinidad to the Arkansas river.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading These forests are called the "Cross Timbers;" behind them commence the immense prairies of Apacheria, on which countless herds of buffaloes and wild horses wander about at liberty.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The latter formed a dense dome of foliage over the callis, which they sheltered from the hot beams of the southern sun, and protected from the cold gusts which at times descend from the mountains in the winter season.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the centre of a narrow valley, enclosed on three sides by the denuded and serrated crests of the mountains--and on the banks of the Rio Sabina, a little above its confluence with the Vermejo, where it still flows wide and transparent between undulating banks, bordered by clumps of cotton-wood trees and dwarf palms--an Indian village was deliciously scattered among the trees.

Chapter 7 of The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War by Gustave Aimard holds 139 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War contain?

Chapter 7 holds 139 sentences of The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War by Gustave Aimard exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 139 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War by Gustave Aimard on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 4632 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41172 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #41172, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 386 minutes of reading across 927 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War

Words and structures a reader meets early in The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scalper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Texan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Scalper: A Story of the Texan War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.