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The White Terror and The Red
The White Terror and The Red

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The White Terror and The Red is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Chapter 31 of The White Terror and The Red by Abraham Cahan holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The White Terror and The Red contain?

Chapter 31 holds 143 sentences of The White Terror and The Red, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The White Terror and The Red by Abraham Cahan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The White Terror and The Red?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The White Terror and The Red

Common questions about reading The White Terror and The Red by Abraham Cahan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The White Terror and The Red?

Yes. All 7044 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39166 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The White Terror and The Red is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39166, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The White Terror and The Red take to read?

About 587 minutes of reading across 1409 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The White Terror and The Red section by section

How to work through The White Terror and The Red section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The White Terror and The Red to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The White Terror and The Red

Words and structures a reader meets early in The White Terror and The Red, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cahan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Terror and The Red; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Terror and The Red; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Imported
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Terror and The Red; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bridegroom
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The White Terror and The Red; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cover illustration for The White Terror and The Red
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE REVELATION.
Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.
The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.
The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.
Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The White Terror and The Red

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The White Terror and The Red is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE REVELATION.
Line 2
Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.
Line 3
The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.
Line 4
The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.
Line 5
Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.”

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.”

Everything pronoun US /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading “Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.”

Fare verb US /fer/

to do or succeed in a particular way

From this reading “The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

capital

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

Curiosity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.

effect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.

expected

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

fareverbUS /fer/

to do or succeed in a particular way

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

feeling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.

given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.

great

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

hack-driver

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

house-porter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

introduced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

kept

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

majority

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

nervous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

peeking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

Petersburg's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

pity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.

police

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

population

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

precinct

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

railway

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

reporting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

resident

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

REVELATION

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE REVELATION.

scanned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

seeking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

self-preservation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.

spied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

spies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

spy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

state

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

station

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

stations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

system

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

teeming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

terror

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE REVELATION.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

unspeakable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The effect of it all was that the great majority of St. Petersburg's population was in a state of unspeakable terror.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Every resident in the capital was being scanned and spied after, and every house-porter was kept peeking and seeking and reporting at the police station of his precinct.

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Curiosity, pity and everything else had given way to a nervous feeling of self-preservation.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The railway stations were teeming with spies and a system was introduced by which every hack-driver was expected to spy on his fare.