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The Wings of Icarus
The Wings of Icarus

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Wings of Icarus is here in full — 30 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Wings of Icarus
Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GRAYSMILL, September 4th.
You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.
I began to write several times--of course you know that.
Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.
I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Wings of Icarus

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Wings of Icarus is here in full — 30 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GRAYSMILL, September 4th.
Line 2
You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.
/juː ɑːr ə swiːt tuː raɪt soʊ ˈɔːfən ənd aɪ æm ə ˈretʃɪd ˈnɪɡərd ðæt dɪˈzɜːrvz nɑːt wʌn hæf ʌv wʌt juː ɡɪv/
Line 3
I began to write several times--of course you know that.
Line 4
Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.
/teɪk ker ʌv jərˈself ðə θɔːt ʌv jɔːr ˈkɑːfɪŋ ˈtrʌbəlz miː iːtʃ taɪm aɪ θɪŋk ʌv juː aɪ hiːr juː kɑːf ənd ɪt meɪks miː ˈmɪzərəbəl/
Line 5
I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.
/aɪ met ə tʃaɪld ɑːn ðə ˈkɑːmən ˈjestərdeɪ wɪð her jɔːr ˈkʌlər ðæt fel bæk ɪn θɪk kɜːrlz frʌm ə ˈfɔːrhed ˈɔːlmoʊst æz waɪt æz jʊrz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cough verb US /kɑːf/

exhale abruptly, as when one has a chest cold or congestion

From this reading “Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.”

coughing noun US /ˈkɑːfɪŋ/

a sudden noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis

From this reading “Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.”

curls noun US /kɜːrlz/

plural of “curl” — a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)

From this reading “I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.”

deserves verb US /dɪˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “deserve” — be worthy or deserving

From this reading “You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.”

niggard noun US /ˈnɪɡərd/

a selfish person who is unwilling to give or spend

From this reading “You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.”

September noun US /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading “GRAYSMILL, September 4th.”

troubles noun US /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading “Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.”

wretched adjective US /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading “You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

4th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GRAYSMILL, September 4th.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading I began to write several times--of course you know that.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

colouradjectiveUS /ˈkʌlər/

having or capable of producing colors

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

CommonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

coughverbUS /kɑːf/

exhale abruptly, as when one has a chest cold or congestion

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

coughingnounUS /ˈkɑːfɪŋ/

a sudden noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading I began to write several times--of course you know that.

curlsnounUS /kɜːrlz/

plural of “curl” — a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

deservesverbUS /dɪˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “deserve” — be worthy or deserving

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

foreheadnounUS /ˈfɔːrhed/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

GRAYSMILL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GRAYSMILL, September 4th.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading I began to write several times--of course you know that.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

miserableadjectiveUS /ˈmɪzərəbəl/

very unhappy; full of misery

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

niggardnounUS /ˈnɪɡərd/

a selfish person who is unwilling to give or spend

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading GRAYSMILL, September 4th.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading I began to write several times--of course you know that.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

TakeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading I began to write several times--of course you know that.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

wretchedadjectiveUS /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

yesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You are a sweet to write so often, and I am a wretched niggard that deserves not one half of what you give.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading I met a child on the Common yesterday, with hair your colour that fell back in thick curls from a forehead almost as white as yours.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading Take care of yourself; the thought of your coughing troubles me; each time I think of you I hear you cough, and it makes me miserable.

Chapter 8 of The Wings of Icarus by Laurence Alma-Tadema holds 30 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Wings of Icarus contain?

Chapter 8 holds 30 sentences of The Wings of Icarus, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Wings of Icarus by Laurence Alma-Tadema exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 30 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Wings of Icarus?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Wings of Icarus

Common questions about reading The Wings of Icarus by Laurence Alma-Tadema on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Wings of Icarus?

Yes. All 2158 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #17255 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Wings of Icarus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #17255, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Wings of Icarus take to read?

About 179 minutes of reading across 432 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Wings of Icarus section by section

How to work through The Wings of Icarus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of The Wings of Icarus to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Wings of Icarus

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Wings of Icarus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fletcher's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wings of Icarus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Graysmill
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wings of Icarus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beloved
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wings of Icarus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wings of Icarus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.