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The Winning of the Golden Spurs
The Winning of the Golden Spurs

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Winning of the Golden Spurs is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
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THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.
Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.
Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.
No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.
The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Winning of the Golden Spurs

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Winning of the Golden Spurs is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.
Line 2
Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.
/ˈsentriz wɜːr ˈpoʊstɪd ənd ˈevəri priˈkɔːʃən ˈteɪkən əˈɡenst sərˈpraɪz bʌt ˈnʌθɪŋ əntuːˈɔːrd əˈkɜːrd tuː dɪˈstɜːrb ðə kæmp/
Line 3
Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.
/deɪ dɔːnd bʌt ə θɪk ˈfliːsi mɪst prɪˈveɪld ðə ˈmɔɪstʃər ˈdrɪpɪŋ frʌm ðə stiːl kæps ʌv ðə ˈsoʊldʒərz huː ɪn spaɪt ʌv ɪt ˈbiːɪŋ ə ˈsʌmərz mɔːrn ɪn fer ˈnɔːrməndi ˈæktʃuːəli ˈʃɪvərd wɪð koʊld/
Line 4
No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.
/noʊ ˈfaɪərz wɜːr əˈlaʊd tuː biː ˈlaɪtəd fɔːr fɪr ʌv ˈɡɪvɪŋ ˈwɔːrnɪŋ ʌv ðer əˈproʊtʃ ənd ˈæftər ə ˈheɪsti ˈbrekfəst ðə ˈkʌmpəniː ˈstɑːrtɪd ɑːn ðə læst ˈpɔːrʃən ʌv ðə ˈdʒɜːrni/
Line 5
The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ensure verb US /enˈʃʊr/

make certain of

From this reading “The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.”

fleecy adjective US /ˈfliːsi/

(of fabrics) having soft nap produced by brushing

From this reading “Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.”

Normandy noun US /ˈnɔːrməndi/

a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie

From this reading “Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.”

Sentries noun US /ˈsentriz/

plural of “sentry” — a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading “Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.”

stronghold noun US /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading “THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.”

summer's noun US /ˈsʌmərz/

possessive form of “summer” — the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading “Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.”

untoward adjective US /əntuːˈɔːrd/

not in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society

From this reading “Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.”

woodman noun US /ˈwʊdmən/

someone who lives in the woods

From this reading “The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

UNDER the guidance preposition + article + noun counted as “under … guidance”

In this reading “THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.”

steel caps noun + noun counted as “steel cap”

In this reading “Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.”

different route adjective + noun

In this reading “THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.”

in spite preposition + noun

In this reading “Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.”

Day dawned noun + noun counted as “day dawn”

In this reading “Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.”

met with verb + particle counted as “meet with”

In this reading “The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.”

started on verb + particle counted as “start on”

In this reading “No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.”

fear of verb + particle

In this reading “No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

anxiousadjectiveUS /ˈæŋkʃəs/

eagerly desirous

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

avenuenounUS /ˈævənuː/

a line of approach

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

brother'snounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

capsnounUS /kæps/

plural of “cap” — a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

clearingnounUS /ˈklɪrɪŋ/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

COUNT'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

cunningadjectiveUS /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

attractive especially by means of smallness or prettiness or quaintness

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

dawnedverbUS /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

DaynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

disasternounUS /dɪˈzæstər/

a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

dismounted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

disturbverbUS /dɪˈstɜːrb/

move deeply

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

drippingnounUS /ˈdrɪpɪŋ/

a liquid (as water) that flows in drops (as from the eaves of house)

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

ensureverbUS /enˈʃʊr/

make certain of

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

FALLverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

firesnounUS /ˈfaɪərz/

plural of “fire” — the event of something burning (often destructive)

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

fleecyadjectiveUS /ˈfliːsi/

(of fabrics) having soft nap produced by brushing

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

guidancenounUS /ˈɡaɪdəns/

something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

guidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

hastyadjectiveUS /ˈheɪsti/

excessively quick

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

ill-fatedadjective

marked by or promising bad fortune

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

leaguenounUS /liːɡ/

an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

lightedadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪtəd/

set afire or burning

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

men-at-arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

moisturenounUS /ˈmɔɪstʃər/

wetness caused by water

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

mornnounUS /mɔːrn/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

NormannounUS /ˈnɔːrmən/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

NormandynounUS /ˈnɔːrməndi/

a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

off-saddled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

postedadjectiveUS /ˈpoʊstɪd/

publicly displayed

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

precautionnounUS /priˈkɔːʃən/

a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

prevailedverbUS /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

proceededverbUS /prəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “proceed” — continue talking

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

Raymond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

Raymond's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

safetynounUS /ˈseɪfti/

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

SentriesnounUS /ˈsentriz/

plural of “sentry” — a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

shiveredverbUS /ˈʃɪvərd/

past form of “shiver” — tremble convulsively, as from fear or excitement

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

STRONGHOLDnounUS /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

summer'snounUS /ˈsʌmərz/

possessive form of “summer” — the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

UNDERprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

untowardadjectiveUS /əntuːˈɔːrd/

not in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

warningnounUS /ˈwɔːrnɪŋ/

a message informing of danger

From this reading No fires were allowed to be lighted for fear of giving warning of their approach, and after a hasty breakfast the company started on the last portion of the journey.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Sentries were posted, and every precaution taken against surprise, but nothing untoward occurred to disturb the camp.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Day dawned, but a thick, fleecy mist prevailed, the moisture dripping from the steel caps of the soldiers, who, in spite of it being a summer's morn in fair Normandy, actually shivered with cold.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading THE FALL OF THE COUNT'S STRONGHOLD UNDER the guidance of the Norman, the company proceeded by a different route to that by which Raymond made his escape; and, as night fell, they dismounted and off-saddled in a clearing within half a league of the Count's stronghold.

woodmannounUS /ˈwʊdmən/

someone who lives in the woods

From this reading The way lay through a narrow avenue, similar to that in which Raymond's ill-fated men-at-arms met with disaster, and the Norman guide, anxious for his own and his brother's safety, used all his skill and cunning as a woodman to ensure a successful surprise.

Chapter 18 of The Winning of the Golden Spurs by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Winning of the Golden Spurs contain?

Chapter 18 holds 103 sentences of The Winning of the Golden Spurs, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Winning of the Golden Spurs by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Winning of the Golden Spurs?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Winning of the Golden Spurs

Common questions about reading The Winning of the Golden Spurs by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Winning of the Golden Spurs?

Yes. All 3100 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36122 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Winning of the Golden Spurs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36122, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Winning of the Golden Spurs take to read?

About 258 minutes of reading across 620 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Winning of the Golden Spurs section by section

How to work through The Winning of the Golden Spurs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of The Winning of the Golden Spurs to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Winning of the Golden Spurs

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Winning of the Golden Spurs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Percy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Winning of the Golden Spurs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Westerman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Winning of the Golden Spurs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Winning of the Golden Spurs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Monarch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Winning of the Golden Spurs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.