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The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.)
The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.)

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.) is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.
In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.
"Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.
On the other hand, look at this cranium.
Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.)

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.) is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.
Line 2
In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.
/ɪn ðə ˈprɑːɡres ʌv hɪz ˈdɪskɔːrs ðə ˈlektʃərər fɔːr ˈpɜːrpəsəz ʌv ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən ˌɪntrəˈduːst ðə skʌlz ʌv ˈsevrəl ˈænəməlz mæpt ɔːf ɪn ðə moʊst kərˈekt ənd ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈmænər/
Line 3
"Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.
Line 4
On the other hand, look at this cranium.
/ɑːn ðə ˈʌðər hænd lʊk æt ðɪs ˈkreɪniːəm/
Line 5
Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

combativeness noun US /kəmˈbætɪvnəs/

a militant aggressiveness

From this reading “"Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.”

cranium noun US /ˈkreɪniːəm/

the part of the skull that encloses the brain

From this reading “On the other hand, look at this cranium.”

fullness noun US /ˈfʊlnəs/

completeness over a broad scope

From this reading “Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."”

itinerant noun US /aɪˈtɪnərənt/

a laborer who moves from place to place as demanded by employment

From this reading “Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.”

lectured verb US /ˈlektʃərd/

past form of “lecture” — deliver a lecture or talk

From this reading “Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.”

lecturer noun US /ˈlektʃərər/

a public lecturer at certain universities

From this reading “In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.”

mapped verb US /mæpt/

inflected form of “map” — make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading “In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.”

skulls noun US /skʌlz/

plural of “skull” — the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates

From this reading “In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

alimentiveness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On the other hand, look at this cranium.

combativenessnounUS /kəmˈbætɪvnəs/

a militant aggressiveness

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

conscientiousnessnoun

the quality of being in accord with the dictates of conscience

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

correctverbUS /kərˈekt/

make right or correct

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

craniumnounUS /ˈkreɪniːəm/

the part of the skull that encloses the brain

From this reading On the other hand, look at this cranium.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

discoursenounUS /ˈdɪskɔːrs/

extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

your usual mood

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

enormouslyadverbUS /ɪˈnɔːrməsli/

extremely

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

fullnessnounUS /ˈfʊlnəs/

completeness over a broad scope

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading On the other hand, look at this cranium.

HardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

illustrationnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

indicateverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

itinerantnounUS /aɪˈtɪnərənt/

a laborer who moves from place to place as demanded by employment

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

lecturedverbUS /ˈlektʃərd/

past form of “lecture” — deliver a lecture or talk

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

lecturernounUS /ˈlektʃərər/

a public lecturer at certain universities

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading On the other hand, look at this cranium.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

mappedverbUS /mæpt/

inflected form of “map” — make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

mildadjectiveUS /maɪld/

moderate in type or degree or effect or force; far from extreme

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

nullitynoun

the state of nonexistence

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

ObserveverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

occurrencenounUS /əˈkɜːrəns/

an event that happens

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the other hand, look at this cranium.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

organsnounUS /ˈɔːrɡənz/

edible viscera of a butchered animal

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading On the other hand, look at this cranium.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

phrenologistnoun

someone who claims to be able to read your character from the shape of your skull

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

scientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

of or relating to the practice of science

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

sentimentaladjectiveUS /ˌsentəˈmentəl/

given to or marked by sentiment or sentimentality

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading Here combativeness is a nullity--absolutely wanting--while the fullness of the sentimental organs indicate at once the mild and peaceful disposition of the sheep."

skullsnounUS /skʌlz/

plural of “skull” — the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates

From this reading In the progress of his discourse, the lecturer, for purposes of illustration, introduced the skulls of several animals, mapped off in the most correct and scientific manner.

SquirenounUS /skwaɪr/

young nobleman attendant on a knight

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

wantingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːntɪŋ/

nonexistent

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Not long after this occurrence, Squire Hardy went to hear an itinerant phrenologist who lectured in the village.

wolfnounUS /wʊlf/

any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading "Observe, ladies and gentlemen, the head of the wolf: combativeness enormously developed, alimentiveness large, while conscientiousness is entirely wanting.

Chapter 7 of The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.) by Marshall P. (Marshall Pinckney) [Editor] Wilder holds 398 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.) contain?

Chapter 7 holds 398 sentences of The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.), unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.) by Marshall P. (Marshall Pinckney) [Editor] Wilder exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 398 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.)?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #18776, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wagnalls
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Attorney
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Wit and Humor of America, Volume IV. (of X.); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.