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The wolf trail
The wolf trail

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The wolf trail is here in full — 526 sentences across 106 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The wolf trail
Context Illustration Reading 1/105 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.
For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.
Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.
In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.
They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The wolf trail

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The wolf trail is here in full — 526 sentences across 106 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/105 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.
Line 2
For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.
Line 3
Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.
/ˈʌndər hɪz ˈliːdərʃɪp ðə ˈhʌntərz wɜːr skɪld ɪn ˈɡetɪŋ ðə ˈwɪmən ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs ɪn ˈdresɪŋ ˈbaɪsən roʊbz/
Line 4
In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.
/ɪn treɪd ðeɪ əbˈsteɪnd frʌm ˈlɪkər ənd bɑːt ɡʌnz ənd ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən/
Line 5
They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.
/ðeɪ meɪd ðemˈselvz ˈdredɪd ɪn wɔːr stoʊl ˈplenti ʌv ˈpoʊniz dænst fɔːr skælps bɪˈɑːnd ɔːl ˈnʌmbərɪŋ ənd wɜːr ˈveri ˈkerfəl nɑːt tuː kɪl ə waɪt mæn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstained verb US /əbˈsteɪnd/

past form of “abstain” — refrain from voting

From this reading “In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.”

astride adverb US /əˈstraɪd/

with one leg on each side

From this reading “RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.”

bison noun US /ˈbaɪsən/

any of several large humped bovids having shaggy manes and large heads and short horns

From this reading “Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.”

decade noun US /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading “For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.”

leadership noun US /ˈliːdərʃɪp/

the activity of leading

From this reading “Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.”

mulatto noun US /məˈlɑːtoʊ/

an offspring of a black and a white parent

From this reading “For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.”

numbering noun US /ˈnʌmbərɪŋ/

a numbered list

From this reading “They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.”

scalps noun US /skælps/

plural of “scalp” — the skin that covers the top of the head

From this reading “They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

abstained from verb + particle counted as “abstain from”

In this reading “In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.”

white man noun + noun

a man who is White

In this reading “They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

Absaroka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

Absarokas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

abstainedverbUS /əbˈsteɪnd/

past form of “abstain” — refrain from voting

From this reading In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.

adventurernounUS /ædˈventʃərər/

a person who enjoys taking risks

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

ammunitionnounUS /ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən/

projectiles to be fired from a gun

From this reading In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

astrideadverbUS /əˈstraɪd/

with one leg on each side

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

Beckwourth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

bisonnounUS /ˈbaɪsən/

any of several large humped bovids having shaggy manes and large heads and short horns

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

boughtverbUS /bɑːt/

inflected form of “buy” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

CrowsnounUS /kroʊz/

plural of “crow” — black birds having a raucous call

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

dancedverbUS /dænst/

past form of “dance” — move in a graceful and rhythmical way

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

decadenounUS /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

dreadedadjectiveUS /ˈdredɪd/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

dressingnounUS /ˈdresɪŋ/

savory dressings for salads; basically of two kinds: either the thin French or vinaigrette type or the creamy mayonnaise type

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

huntersnounUS /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

industriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

Jim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

killverbUS /kɪl/

cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

leadershipnounUS /ˈliːdərʃɪp/

the activity of leading

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

liquornounUS /ˈlɪkər/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

mulattonounUS /məˈlɑːtoʊ/

an offspring of a black and a white parent

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

numberingnounUS /ˈnʌmbərɪŋ/

a numbered list

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

poniesnounUS /ˈpoʊniz/

plural of “pony” — a range horse of the western United States

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

rangedverbUS /reɪndʒd/

past form of “range” — change or be different within limits

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

RISINGadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

robesnounUS /roʊbz/

plural of “robe” — any loose flowing garment

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

RockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

ruledadjectiveUS /ruːld/

subject to a ruling authority

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

scalpsnounUS /skælps/

plural of “scalp” — the skin that covers the top of the head

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

skilledadjectiveUS /skɪld/

having or showing or requiring special skill

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

SouthwardadverbUS /ˈsaʊθwərd/

toward the south

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

Sparrowhawks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

stolenounUS /stoʊl/

a wide scarf worn about their shoulders by women

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading In trade they abstained from liquor and bought guns and ammunition.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading For a decade or so one, if not both, of the Absaroka tribes had been ruled by a mulatto adventurer Jim Beckwourth.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading They made themselves dreaded in war, stole plenty of ponies, danced for scalps beyond all numbering, and were very careful not to kill a white man.

whitesnounUS /waɪts/

plural of “white” — a Caucasian

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

WOLFnounUS /wʊlf/

any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading RISING WOLF Southward, astride of the Rocky Mountains, ranged the Absarokas, the Sparrowhawks, who were known to the whites as the Crows.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Under his leadership the hunters were skilled in getting, the women industrious in dressing bison robes.

Chapter 8 of The wolf trail by Roger Pocock holds 526 sentences, grouped into 106 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The wolf trail contain?

Chapter 8 holds 526 sentences of The wolf trail, unabridged, divided into 106 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The wolf trail by Roger Pocock exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 526 sentences, grouped into 106 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The wolf trail?

Work through the 106 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 106 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The wolf trail

Common questions about reading The wolf trail by Roger Pocock on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The wolf trail?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The wolf trail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The wolf trail take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The wolf trail section by section

How to work through The wolf trail section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The wolf trail

Words and structures a reader meets early in The wolf trail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The wolf trail, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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