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The women novelists
The women novelists

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The women novelists is here in full — 466 sentences across 94 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The women novelists
Context Illustration Reading 1/93 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
W. COLLINS SONS & CO.
LTD.
I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”
Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.
In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The women novelists

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The women novelists is here in full — 466 sentences across 94 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/93 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
W. COLLINS SONS & CO.
/ˈdʌbəljuː ˈkɑːlɪnz sʌnz koʊ/
Line 2
LTD.
Line 3
I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”
Line 4
Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.
Line 5
In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Classics noun US /ˈklæsɪks/

study of the literary works of ancient Greece and Rome

From this reading “I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.””

copied verb US /ˈkɑːpid/

inflected form of “copy” — copy down as is

From this reading “In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.”

Defoe noun US /dɪˈfoʊ/

English writer remembered particularly for his novel about Robinson Crusoe (1660-1731)

From this reading “Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.”

dicta noun US /ˈdɪktɑː/

plural of “dictum” — an authoritative declaration

From this reading “In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.”

founder noun US /ˈfaʊndər/

inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

From this reading “Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.”

profitably adverb US /ˈprɑːfətəbli/

in a productive way

From this reading “Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.”

reprint noun US /riˈprɪnt/

a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale

From this reading “I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.””

Richardson noun US /ˈrɪtʃərdsən/

United States architect (1838-1886)

From this reading “Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

modern novel adjective + noun

In this reading “Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.”

detect any verb + adjective

In this reading “Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.”

wrote novels verb + noun counted as “write novel”

In this reading “Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.”

only possible adverb + adjective

In this reading “In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

Artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

assumedadjectiveUS /əˈsuːmd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

Athenæum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

Chatto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

ClassicsnounUS /ˈklæsɪks/

study of the literary works of ancient Greece and Rome

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

COnounUS /koʊ/

an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon

From this reading W. COLLINS SONS & CO.

COLLINSnounUS /ˈkɑːlɪnz/

English writer noted for early detective novels (1824-1889)

From this reading W. COLLINS SONS & CO.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

copiedverbUS /ˈkɑːpid/

inflected form of “copy” — copy down as is

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

Cranford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

DefoenounUS /dɪˈfoʊ/

English writer remembered particularly for his novel about Robinson Crusoe (1660-1731)

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

detectverbUS /dɪˈtekt/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

dictanounUS /ˈdɪktɑː/

plural of “dictum” — an authoritative declaration

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

editornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

elsewhereadverbUS /ˈelswer/

in or to another place

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

examplesnounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəlz/

plural of “example” — an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

feminineadjectiveUS /ˈfemənən/

associated with women and not with men

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

FineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

foundernounUS /ˈfaʊndər/

inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

Gollancz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

Gownsman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

guidesnounUS /ɡaɪdz/

plural of “guide” — someone employed to conduct others

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

IntroductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

LTD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LTD.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

Messrs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

novelsnounUS /ˈnɑːvəlz/

plural of “novel” — an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

ParallelnounUS /ˈperəlel/

something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

PassagesnounUS /ˈpæsədʒəz/

plural of “passage” — the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

peculiarlyadverbUS /pɪˈkjuːljərli/

uniquely or characteristically

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

permissionnounUS /pərˈmɪʃən/

approval to do something

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

profitablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːfətəbli/

in a productive way

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

publishernounUS /ˈpʌblɪʃər/

a firm in the publishing business

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

reprintnounUS /riˈprɪnt/

a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

RichardsonnounUS /ˈrɪtʃərdsən/

United States architect (1838-1886)

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

sectionnounUS /ˈsekʃən/

a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

SONSnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading W. COLLINS SONS & CO.

StudynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

thankverbUS /θæŋk/

express gratitude or show appreciation to

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading W. COLLINS SONS & CO.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the beginning they copied men, and saw through men’s eyes, because--here and elsewhere--they assumed that men’s dicta and practice in life and art were their only possible guides and examples.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

Windus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading I have to thank the editor and publisher of _The Athenæum_ for permission to reprint the chapter on “Parallel Passages”; the editor and publisher of _The Gownsman_ for permission to use “A Study in Fine Art”; Professor Gollancz and Messrs. Chatto & Windus for permission to reprint the section on “Cranford” which was written for an Introduction to a reprint of that novel in “The King’s Classics.”

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading Although women wrote novels before Defoe, the father of English fiction, or Richardson, the founder of the modern novel, we cannot detect any peculiarly feminine elements in their work, or profitably consider it apart from the general development of prose.

Chapter 1 of The women novelists by R. Brimley (Reginald Brimley) Johnson holds 466 sentences, grouped into 94 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The women novelists contain?

Chapter 1 holds 466 sentences of The women novelists, unabridged, divided into 94 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The women novelists by R. Brimley (Reginald Brimley) Johnson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 466 sentences, grouped into 94 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The women novelists?

Work through the 94 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 94 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The women novelists

Common questions about reading The women novelists by R. Brimley (Reginald Brimley) Johnson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The women novelists?

Yes. All 2336 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68939 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The women novelists is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68939, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The women novelists take to read?

About 194 minutes of reading across 468 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The women novelists section by section

How to work through The women novelists section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of The women novelists to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The women novelists

Words and structures a reader meets early in The women novelists, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Collins
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The women novelists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thank
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The women novelists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The women novelists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Publisher
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The women novelists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.