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The wonders of science
The wonders of science

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of The wonders of science is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT.
Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.
Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.
This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.
The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The wonders of science

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of The wonders of science is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT.
Line 2
Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.
Line 3
Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.
/stɪl ðə læd ˈwɔːntɪd sʌm ˌɪnˈsentɪv tuː stɜːr hɪm tuː ˈentər əˈpɑːn ə freʃ bræntʃ ʌv ˈsaɪəns/
Line 4
This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.
/ðɪs ˌhaʊˈevər hiː hæd naʊ faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈwʌndərfəl ˌfoʊtəˈɡræfɪk ˌɪmˈpreʃənz ˈmɪstər ˈwedʒwʊd hæd ʃoʊn hɪm ənd hiː wɑːz ˈiːɡər tuː meɪk hɪmˈself əˈkweɪntɪd wɪð ðə lɔːz ʌv ðə mɪˈstɪriəs ˈprɪnsəpəl baɪ wɪtʃ ðeɪ hæd bɪn əbˈteɪnd/
Line 5
The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

enjoined verb US /ˌenˈdʒɔɪnd/

past form of “enjoin” — issue an injunction

From this reading “Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.”

enlivening adjective US /enˈlaɪvənɪŋ/

giving spirit and vivacity

From this reading “Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.”

incentive noun US /ˌɪnˈsentɪv/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading “Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.”

mornings noun US /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

plural of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading “Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.”

photographic adjective US /ˌfoʊtəˈɡræfɪk/

relating to photography or obtained by using photography

From this reading “This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.”

transient noun US /ˈtrænʒənt/

one who stays for only a short time

From this reading “The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.”

Watt noun US /wɑːt/

a unit of power equal to 1 joule per second; the power dissipated by a current of 1 ampere flowing across a resistance of 1 ohm

From this reading “Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.”

Wedgwood noun US /ˈwedʒwʊd/

English potter (1730-1795)

From this reading “This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

too weak adverb + adjective

In this reading “Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.”

young hero adjective + noun

In this reading “Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.”

enter upon verb + particle

take possession of

In this reading “Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.”

leave the house verb + article + noun counted as “leave … house”

In this reading “Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.”

think of verb + particle

keep in mind for attention or consideration

In this reading “The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

Borlase

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

branchnounUS /bræntʃ/

a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

cameranounUS /ˈkæmərə/

equipment for taking photographs (usually consisting of a lightproof box with a lens at one end and light-sensitive film at the other)

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

consequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

contemplationnounUS /ˌkɑːntəmˈpleɪʃən/

a long and thoughtful observation

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

dangerousadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

enjoinedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪnd/

past form of “enjoin” — issue an injunction

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

enliveningadjectiveUS /enˈlaɪvənɪŋ/

giving spirit and vivacity

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.

eveningsnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋz/

plural of “evening” — the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

fixingnounUS /ˈfɪksɪŋ/

the act of putting something in working order again

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

Humphry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

Humphry's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

imagesnounUS /ˈɪmədʒəz/

plural of “image” — an iconic mental representation

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

impressionsnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃənz/

plural of “impression” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

incentivenounUS /ˌɪnˈsentɪv/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.

ladnounUS /læd/

a boy or man

From this reading Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

legnounUS /leɡ/

a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

LIGHTadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

morningsnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

plural of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

obscura

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

photographicadjectiveUS /ˌfoʊtəˈɡræfɪk/

relating to photography or obtained by using photography

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

picturesnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

REFRACTIONnoun

the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT.

resortnounUS /rɪˈzɔːrt/

a hotel located in a resort area

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

solitudenounUS /ˈsɑːlətuːd/

a state of social isolation

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.

strictlyadverbUS /ˈstrɪktli/

restricted to something

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

sun-pictures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

transientnounUS /ˈtrænʒənt/

one who stays for only a short time

From this reading The contemplation of the sun-pictures naturally led Humphry to think of the more transient pictures formed in the _camera obscura_ by the light; and he passed from the fixing of the images to the consideration of the conditions by which the images themselves are produced.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading Still the lad wanted some incentive to stir him to enter upon a fresh branch of science.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

WattnounUS /wɑːt/

a unit of power equal to 1 joule per second; the power dissipated by a current of 1 ampere flowing across a resistance of 1 ohm

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

WedgwoodnounUS /ˈwedʒwʊd/

English potter (1730-1795)

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

Wedgwoods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading This, however, he had now found in the wonderful photographic impressions Mr. Wedgwood had shown him, and he was eager to make himself acquainted with the laws of the mysterious principle by which they had been obtained.

WONDERSnounUS /ˈwʌndərz/

plural of “wonder” — the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Our young hero was still too weak to leave the house, for the wound in his leg was of so dangerous a description that Mr. Borlase had strictly enjoined him to take as little exercise as possible; consequently, while Humphry’s evenings were passed in conversation with young Mr. Watt, and occasionally the Wedgwoods, his mornings were spent in his chamber alone, so that he was glad to resort to study as a means of enlivening his solitude.

Chapter 14 of The wonders of science by Henry Mayhew holds 114 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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