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The wonders of science
The wonders of science

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of The wonders of science is here in full — 191 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
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THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).
Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.
“In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.
The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.
Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The wonders of science

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of The wonders of science is here in full — 191 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).
Line 2
Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.
Line 3
“In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.
/ɪn ðə fɜːrst pleɪs sed hiː tuː hɪz ˈsɪstər juː mʌst ber ɪn maɪnd ðæt ɔːl ˈɑːbdʒekts θroʊ ɔːf frʌm ðem ɪn ɔːl dərˈekʃənz reɪz ʌv laɪt wɪtʃ ɑːr ʌv ðə seɪm ˈkʌlər æz ðə ˈɑːbdʒekts ðemˈselvz/
Line 4
The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.
/ðə ˈsoʊldʒərz koʊt əˈpɪrz red tuː ʌs bɪˈkɔːz ɪt sendz red reɪz tuː ðə aɪ ðə fiːldz ɑːr ɡriːn bɪˈkɔːz ðeɪ ɪˈmɪt reɪz ʌv ɡriːn laɪt ənd ðə ˈsʌmər klaʊdz ɑːr waɪt bɪˈkɔːz ðə laɪt ðeɪ rɪˈflekt tuː ʌs ɪz ʌv ðæt ˈkʌlər/
Line 5
Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”
/ˌɪnˈdiːd ˈevəri ˈflaʊər ˌwʌˈtevər meɪ biː ɪts tɪnt ɪz siːn baɪ ʌs ˈkʌlərd æz ɪt ɪz ˈmɪrli bɪˈkɔːz ðə reɪz ʌv laɪt prəˈsiːdɪŋ frʌm ɪt ɑːr ʌv ðə seɪm hjuː æz ðə ˈflaʊər ˌɪtˈself əˈpɪrz ɪn ˈaʊər aɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

emit verb US /ɪˈmɪt/

expel (gases or odors)

From this reading “The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.”

formation noun US /fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit

From this reading “Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.”

images noun US /ˈɪmədʒəz/

plural of “image” — an iconic mental representation

From this reading “Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.”

pictorial adjective US /pɪkˈtɔːriəl/

pertaining to or consisting of pictures

From this reading “Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.”

representations noun US /ˌreprəzənˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “representation” — a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image

From this reading “Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.”

sends verb US /sendz/

third-person singular of “send” — cause to go somewhere

From this reading “The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.”

soldier's noun US /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

possessive form of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

tint noun US /tɪnt/

a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

From this reading “Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

throw off verb + particle

get rid of

In this reading ““In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.”

first place adjective + noun

In this reading ““In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.”

red rays noun + noun counted as “red ray”

In this reading “The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.”

same hue adjective + noun

In this reading “Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.””

all directions adjective + noun counted as “all direction”

In this reading ““In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.”

appears in verb + particle counted as “appear in”

In this reading “Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.””

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

colouradjectiveUS /ˈkʌlər/

having or capable of producing colors

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

colouredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌlərd/

having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

dependsverbUS /dɪˈpendz/

third-person singular of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

directionsnounUS /dərˈekʃənz/

plural of “direction” — a line leading to a place or point

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

emitverbUS /ɪˈmɪt/

expel (gases or odors)

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

flowernounUS /ˈflaʊər/

a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

formationnounUS /fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

huenounUS /hjuː/

the quality of a color as determined by its dominant wavelength

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

Humphry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

imagesnounUS /ˈɪmədʒəz/

plural of “image” — an iconic mental representation

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

LIGHTadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

pictorialadjectiveUS /pɪkˈtɔːriəl/

pertaining to or consisting of pictures

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

proceedingnounUS /prəˈsiːdɪŋ/

(law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

reflectverbUS /rɪˈflekt/

manifest or bring back

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

REFRACTIONnoun

the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

representationsnounUS /ˌreprəzənˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “representation” — a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

sendsverbUS /sendz/

third-person singular of “send” — cause to go somewhere

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

soldier'snounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

possessive form of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

tintnounUS /tɪnt/

a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

WONDERSnounUS /ˈwʌndərz/

plural of “wonder” — the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

YoungadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

Chapter 15 of The wonders of science by Henry Mayhew holds 191 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of The wonders of science contain?

Chapter 15 holds 191 sentences of The wonders of science, unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of The wonders of science by Henry Mayhew exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 191 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of The wonders of science?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The wonders of science

Common questions about reading The wonders of science by Henry Mayhew on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The wonders of science?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The wonders of science is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The wonders of science take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The wonders of science section by section

How to work through The wonders of science section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The wonders of science

Words and structures a reader meets early in The wonders of science, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The wonders of science, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The wonders of science, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The wonders of science, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.