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The Woodlanders
The Woodlanders

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Woodlanders is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.
He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.
But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.
After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.
In this he kept his leases, which had remained there unopened ever since his father’s death.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Woodlanders

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Woodlanders is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.
Line 2
He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.
Line 3
But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.
/bʌt ˈhævɪŋ ˈnætʃərəli səkˈsiːdɪd tuː ðiːz ˈprɑːpərtiz θruː hɪz ˈfɑːðər hiː hæd dʌn hɪz best tuː kiːp ðem ɪn ˈɔːrdər ðoʊ hiː wɑːz mʌtʃ strʌk wɪð hɪz ˈfɑːðərz ˈneɡlədʒəns ɪn nɑːt ˌɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ saʊθs laɪf/
Line 4
After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.
/ˈæftər ˈbrekfəst stɪl ˈmjuːzɪŋ ɑːn ðə ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz hiː went əpˈsterz tɜːrnd ˈoʊvər hɪz bed ənd druː aʊt ə flæt ˈkænvəs bæɡ wɪtʃ leɪ bɪˈtwiːn ðə ˈmætrəs ənd ðə ˈsækɪŋ/
Line 5
In this he kept his leases, which had remained there unopened ever since his father’s death.
/ɪn ðɪs hiː kept hɪz ˈliːsɪz wɪtʃ hæd rɪˈmeɪnd ðer əˈnoʊpənd ˈevər sɪns hɪz ˈfɑːðərz deθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

insuring verb US /ˌɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “insure” — be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something

From this reading “But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.”

leases noun US /ˈliːsɪz/

plural of “lease” — property that is leased or rented out or let

From this reading “He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.”

negligence noun US /ˈneɡlədʒəns/

failure to act with the prudence that a reasonable person would exercise under the same circumstances

From this reading “But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.”

precarious adjective US /priˈkeriəs/

affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading “He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.”

sacking noun US /ˈsækɪŋ/

coarse fabric used for bags or sacks

From this reading “After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.”

South's noun US /saʊθs/

possessive form of “south” — the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

tenures noun US /ˈtenjərz/

plural of “tenure” — the term during which some position is held

From this reading “He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.”

unopened adjective US /əˈnoʊpənd/

not yet opened or unsealed

From this reading “In this he kept his leases, which had remained there unopened ever since his father’s death.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

ancestorsnounUS /ˈænsestərz/

plural of “ancestor” — someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

bagnounUS /bæɡ/

a flexible container with a single opening

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

canvasnounUS /ˈkænvəs/

a heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs or sails or tents)

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

carriagesnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

channelnounUS /ˈtʃænəl/

a path over which electrical signals can pass

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

Charmond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

copyholds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

cottagesnounUS /ˈkɑːtɪdʒɪz/

plural of “cottage” — a small house with a single story

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

encounterverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

come together

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

eventnounUS /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading In this he kept his leases, which had remained there unopened ever since his father’s death.

exchangenounUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

Hintock

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

Hintocks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

imagenounUS /ˈɪmədʒ/

an iconic mental representation

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

insuringverbUS /ˌɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “insure” — be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

inventverbUS /ˌɪnˈvent/

come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading In this he kept his leases, which had remained there unopened ever since his father’s death.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

leasesnounUS /ˈliːsɪz/

plural of “lease” — property that is leased or rented out or let

From this reading In this he kept his leases, which had remained there unopened ever since his father’s death.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

life-leases

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

marvelledverbUS /mɑːrˈveld/

inflected form of “marvel” — be amazed at

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

mattressnounUS /ˈmætrəs/

a large thick pad filled with resilient material and often incorporating coiled springs, used as a bed or part of a bed

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

musingnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪŋ/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

negligencenounUS /ˈneɡlədʒəns/

failure to act with the prudence that a reasonable person would exercise under the same circumstances

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

precariousadjectiveUS /priˈkeriəs/

affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

propertiesnounUS /ˈprɑːpərtiz/

plural of “property” — something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading In this he kept his leases, which had remained there unopened ever since his father’s death.

sackingnounUS /ˈsækɪŋ/

coarse fabric used for bags or sacks

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading In this he kept his leases, which had remained there unopened ever since his father’s death.

South'snounUS /saʊθs/

possessive form of “south” — the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

sprungverbUS /sprʌŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

tenuresnounUS /ˈtenjərz/

plural of “tenure” — the term during which some position is held

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In this he kept his leases, which had remained there unopened ever since his father’s death.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this he kept his leases, which had remained there unopened ever since his father’s death.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

unopenedadjectiveUS /əˈnoʊpənd/

not yet opened or unsealed

From this reading In this he kept his leases, which had remained there unopened ever since his father’s death.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

upstairsadverbUS /əpˈsterz/

on a floor above

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But having naturally succeeded to these properties through his father, he had done his best to keep them in order, though he was much struck with his father’s negligence in not insuring South’s life.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading He marvelled what people could have been thinking about in the past to invent such precarious tenures as these; still more, what could have induced his ancestors at Hintock, and other village people, to exchange their old copyholds for life-leases.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading After breakfast, still musing on the circumstances, he went upstairs, turned over his bed, and drew out a flat canvas bag which lay between the mattress and the sacking.

Winterborne's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The encounter with the carriages having sprung upon Winterborne’s mind the image of Mrs. Charmond, his thoughts by a natural channel went from her to the fact that several cottages and other houses in the two Hintocks, now his own, would fall into her possession in the event of South’s death.

Chapter 12 of The Woodlanders by Thomas Hardy holds 97 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Woodlanders contain?

Chapter 12 holds 97 sentences of The Woodlanders, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Woodlanders by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 97 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Woodlanders?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Woodlanders

Common questions about reading The Woodlanders by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Woodlanders?

Yes. All 6908 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #482 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Woodlanders is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #482, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Woodlanders take to read?

About 575 minutes of reading across 1382 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Woodlanders section by section

How to work through The Woodlanders section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Woodlanders to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Woodlanders

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Woodlanders, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Rambler
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Woodlanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Association
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Woodlanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Woodlanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reasons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Woodlanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.