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The Woodlanders
The Woodlanders

Chapter XXXIX · Chapter 39

Chapter 39 of The Woodlanders is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.
It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.
For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.
In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry Englandin the rural districts more especiallyand onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.
There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlordsquite contemptible in their clemency.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Woodlanders

Chapter XXXIX · Chapter 39

Chapter 39 of The Woodlanders is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.
Line 2
It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.
Line 3
For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.
Line 4
In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry Englandin the rural districts more especiallyand onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.
Line 5
There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlordsquite contemptible in their clemency.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clemency noun US /ˈklemənsi/

good weather with comfortable temperatures

From this reading “There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlords—quite contemptible in their clemency.”

decade noun US /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading “In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.”

inventors noun US /ˌɪnˈventərz/

plural of “inventor” — someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading “Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.”

landlords noun US /ˈlændlɔːrdz/

plural of “landlord” — a landowner who leases to others

From this reading “There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlords—quite contemptible in their clemency.”

menagerie noun US /məˈnædʒəri/

a collection of live animals for study or display

From this reading “For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.”

orchards noun US /ˈɔːrtʃərdz/

plural of “orchard” — garden consisting of a small cultivated wood without undergrowth

From this reading “In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.”

sizes noun US /ˈsaɪzəz/

plural of “size” — the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading “For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.”

toothless adjective US /ˈtuːθləs/

lacking teeth

From this reading “There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlords—quite contemptible in their clemency.”

All words in this reading · 127

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

artisticadjectiveUS /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

relating to or characteristic of art or artists

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

automaticadjectiveUS /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/

operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

boars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

borneverbUS /bɔːrn/

inflected form of “bear” — have

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

clemencynounUS /ˈklemənsi/

good weather with comfortable temperatures

From this reading There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlords—quite contemptible in their clemency.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

contemptibleadjectiveUS /kənˈtemptəbəl/

deserving of contempt or scorn

From this reading There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlords—quite contemptible in their clemency.

creatornounUS /kriˈeɪtər/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

decadenounUS /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

devicesnounUS /dɪˈvaɪsəz/

an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase “left to your own devices”

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

disinterred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

districtsnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkts/

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

estatesnounUS /ɪˈsteɪts/

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

excellencenounUS /ˈeksələns/

the quality of excelling; possessing good qualities in high degree

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

instrumentsnounUS /ˈɪnstrəmənts/

plural of “instrument” — a device that requires skill for proper use

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

inventornounUS /ˌɪnˈventər/

someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

inventorsnounUS /ˌɪnˈventərz/

plural of “inventor” — someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

keeper's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

landlordsnounUS /ˈlændlɔːrdz/

plural of “landlord” — a landowner who leases to others

From this reading There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlords—quite contemptible in their clemency.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

lionnounUS /ˈlaɪən/

large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

man-trap

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

menagerienounUS /məˈnædʒəri/

a collection of live animals for study or display

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

modelnounUS /ˈmɑːdəl/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

occupyverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪ/

keep busy with

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

onwardadverbUS /ˈɔːnwərd/

forward in time or order or degree

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

orchardsnounUS /ˈɔːrtʃərdz/

plural of “orchard” — garden consisting of a small cultivated wood without undergrowth

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

out-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

palmnounUS /pɑːm/

the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

producingverbUS /prəˈduːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlords—quite contemptible in their clemency.

rangedverbUS /reɪndʒd/

past form of “range” — change or be different within limits

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

respectableadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektəbəl/

characterized by socially or conventionally acceptable morals

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

rownounUS /roʊ/

an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

ruraladjectiveUS /ˈrʊrəl/

living in or characteristic of farming or country life

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

shapesnounUS /ʃeɪps/

plural of “shape” — any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

sizesnounUS /ˈsaɪzəz/

plural of “size” — the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

softer-hearted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlords—quite contemptible in their clemency.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

specimennounUS /ˈspesəmən/

an example regarded as typical of its class

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

subordinateadjectiveUS /səˈbɔːrdəneɪt/

lower in rank or importance

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

tigernounUS /ˈtaɪɡər/

a fierce or audacious person

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

Tim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

toothlessadjectiveUS /ˈtuːθləs/

lacking teeth

From this reading There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlords—quite contemptible in their clemency.

tortureverbUS /ˈtɔːrtʃər/

torment emotionally or mentally

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlords—quite contemptible in their clemency.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

varietiesnounUS /vərˈaɪətiz/

plural of “variety” — a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading There had been the toothless variety used by the softer-hearted landlords—quite contemptible in their clemency.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

Wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In short, though many varieties had been in use during those centuries which we are accustomed to look back upon as the true and only period of merry England—in the rural districts more especially—and onward down to the third decade of the nineteenth century, this model had borne the palm, and had been most usually followed when the orchards and estates required new ones.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It should rather, however, be said, the inventor of the particular form of man-trap of which this found in the keeper’s out-house was a specimen.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

wolvesnounUS /wʊlvz/

plural of “wolf” — any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading For there were other shapes and other sizes, instruments which, if placed in a row beside one of the type disinterred by Tim, would have worn the subordinate aspect of the bears, wild boars, or wolves in a travelling menagerie, as compared with the leading lion or tiger.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Were the inventors of automatic machines to be ranged according to the excellence of their devices for producing sound artistic torture, the creator of the man-trap would occupy a very respectable if not a very high place.

Chapter 39 of The Woodlanders by Thomas Hardy holds 165 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 39 of The Woodlanders contain?

Chapter 39 holds 165 sentences of The Woodlanders, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 39 of The Woodlanders by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 165 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 39 of The Woodlanders?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 39 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 39 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Woodlanders

Common questions about reading The Woodlanders by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Woodlanders?

Yes. All 6908 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #482 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Woodlanders is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #482, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Woodlanders take to read?

About 575 minutes of reading across 1382 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Woodlanders section by section

How to work through The Woodlanders section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Woodlanders to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Woodlanders

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Woodlanders, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Rambler
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Woodlanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Association
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Woodlanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Woodlanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reasons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Woodlanders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.