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The Works of Honoré de Balzac
The Works of Honoré de Balzac

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Works of Honoré de Balzac is here in full — 555 sentences across 111 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA
INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.
He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.
More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.
It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Works of Honoré de Balzac

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Works of Honoré de Balzac is here in full — 555 sentences across 111 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/111 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA
Line 2
INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.
Line 3
He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.
Line 4
More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.
Line 5
It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

balzac noun US /bɑːlˈzæk/

French novelist; he portrays the complexity of 19th century French society (1799-1850)

From this reading “TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA”

Carlyle noun US /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/

Scottish historian who wrote about the French Revolution (1795-1881)

From this reading “It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.”

definitely adverb US /ˈdefənətli/

without question and beyond doubt

From this reading “More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.”

Dumas noun US /ˈduːməz/

French writer remembered for his swashbuckling historical tales (1802-1870)

From this reading “It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.”

inability noun US /ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti/

lack of ability (especially mental ability) to do something

From this reading “It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.”

lifelong adjective US /ˈlaɪˈflɔːŋ/

continuing through life

From this reading “He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.”

medici noun US /meˈdiːsi/

aristocratic Italian family of powerful merchants and bankers who ruled Florence in the 15th century

From this reading “TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA”

Sur noun US /sɜːr/

a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

historical novel adjective + noun

In this reading “He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.”

most probable adverb + adjective

In this reading “It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.”

most ambitious adverb + adjective

In this reading “More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.”

ON THE STAIRS preposition + article + noun counted as “on … stairs”

In this reading “TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA”

AT COLLEGE preposition + noun

In this reading “TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA”

All words in this reading · 136

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

164

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

1846

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

324

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

ABOUTprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

ambitiousadjectiveUS /æmˈbɪʃəs/

having a strong desire for success or achievement

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

attemptsnounUS /əˈtempts/

plural of “attempt” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

BALZACnounUS /bɑːlˈzæk/

French novelist; he portrays the complexity of 19th century French society (1799-1850)

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

Balzac's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

BRIGHTadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

CaptainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

CarlylenounUS /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/

Scottish historian who wrote about the French Revolution (1795-1881)

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

CARRYINGverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

CATHERINEnounUS /ˈkæθərən/

first wife of Henry VIII; Henry VIII's divorce from her was the initial step of the Reformation in England (1485-1536)

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

Chouans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

COLLEGEnounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

CORNELIUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

DALMATIC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

DEnounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

definitelyadverbUS /ˈdefənətli/

without question and beyond doubt

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

devotionnounUS /dɪˈvoʊʃən/

feelings of ardent love

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

disdainfullyadverb

in a proud and domineering manner

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

DumasnounUS /ˈduːməz/

French writer remembered for his swashbuckling historical tales (1802-1870)

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

GAMBARA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

hankerings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

Hanska

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

HEpronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

inabilitynounUS /ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti/

lack of ability (especially mental ability) to do something

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

injusticenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/

an unjust act

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

intentionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃənz/

plural of “intention” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

INTRODUCTIONnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

Jeunesse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

LAMPnounUS /læmp/

an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

LesnounUS /les/

plural of “le” — a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

lifelongadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪˈflɔːŋ/

continuing through life

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

LIGHTadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

MadamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

Marryat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

MEDICInounUS /meˈdiːsi/

aristocratic Italian family of powerful merchants and bankers who ruled Florence in the 15th century

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

MOSTadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

Mousquetaires

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

NOWadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

Oeuvres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

OLDadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

PASSEDverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

PERCEIVEDadjectiveUS /pərˈsiːvd/

detected by instinct or inference rather than by recognized perceptual cues

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

probableadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːbəbəl/

likely but not certain to be or become true or real

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

SAWverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

ScottnounUS /skɑːt/

award-winning United States film actor (1928-1999)

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

SHUDDERverbUS /ˈʃʌdər/

shake, as from cold

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

STAIRSnounUS /sterz/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

SurnounUS /sɜːr/

a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

TERRIFIEDadjectiveUS /ˈterəfaɪd/

thrown into a state of intense fear or desperation

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

THATconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

THEREadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

TIMEnounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

TOWERnounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

Trois

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

ungratefullyadverb

in an ungrateful manner

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

WASauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading More than one of the _Oeuvres de Jeunesse_ attempts the form in a more or less conscious way: the _Chouans_, the first successful book, definitely attempts it; but by far the most ambitious attempt is to be found in the book before us.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

WHICHpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

whiled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading TOWER IN WHICH BALZAC PASSED MOST OF HIS TIME AT COLLEGE 164 HE NOW SAW WITH A TERRIFIED SHUDDER THAT THERE WAS A BRIGHT LIGHT ON THE STAIRS, AND PERCEIVED CORNELIUS, IN HIS OLD DALMATIC, CARRYING HIS LAMP 324 ABOUT CATHERINE DE' MEDICI AND GAMBARA

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading INTRODUCTION This book (as to which it is important to remember the _Sur_ if injustice is not to be done to the intentions of the author) has plenty of interest of more kinds than one; but it is perhaps more interesting because of the place it holds in Balzac's work than for itself.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He had always considerable hankerings after the historical novel: his early and lifelong devotion to Scott would sufficiently account for that.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading It is most probable that it was of this, if of anything of his own, that Balzac was thinking when, in 1846, he wrote disdainfully to Madame Hanska about Dumas, and expressed himself towards _Les Trois Mousquetaires_ (which had whiled him through a day of cold and inability to work) nearly as ungratefully as Carlyle did towards Captain Marryat.

Chapter 1 of The Works of Honoré de Balzac by Honoré de Balzac holds 555 sentences, grouped into 111 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Works of Honoré de Balzac contain?

Chapter 1 holds 555 sentences of The Works of Honoré de Balzac, unabridged, divided into 111 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Works of Honoré de Balzac by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 555 sentences, grouped into 111 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Works of Honoré de Balzac?

Work through the 111 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 111 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Works of Honoré de Balzac

Common questions about reading The Works of Honoré de Balzac by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Works of Honoré de Balzac?

Yes. All 11920 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37285 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Works of Honoré de Balzac is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37285, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Works of Honoré de Balzac take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2384 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Works of Honoré de Balzac section by section

How to work through The Works of Honoré de Balzac section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Works of Honoré de Balzac

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Works of Honoré de Balzac, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tower
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Honoré de Balzac; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Balzac
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Honoré de Balzac; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Honoré de Balzac; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
College
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Honoré de Balzac; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.